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Higher Human Biology > 1.3 Gene Expression > Flashcards

1.3 Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the non coding regions of genes?

A

Introns

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2
Q

What are the coding regions of genes?

A

Exons.

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3
Q

What is gene expression controlled by?

A

Transcription and translation.

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4
Q

What is gene expression influenced by?

A

Insta-cellular and extra-cellular environmental factors.

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5
Q

Why are genes expressed?

A

Genes are expressed to produce proteins.

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6
Q

What are proteins formed from?

A

Proteins are formed from polypeptides.

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7
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

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8
Q

What kind of bonds are polypeptides held together by?

A

Peptide bonds

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9
Q

What base replaces Thymine in gene expression?

A

Uracil

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10
Q

In transcription, which enzyme moves along unwinding the DNA double helix?

A

RNA Polymerase

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11
Q

What enzyme aligns RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing to form a primary transcript?

A

RNA Polymerase

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12
Q

When introns are removed and the exons are spliced together what does this form?

A

A mature mRNA transcript

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13
Q

What process allows different mRNA’s to be formed from the same primary transcript?

A

Alternative RNA Splicing

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14
Q

What are triplets of bases called?

A

Codons

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15
Q

What does the translation of mRNA result in?

A

The production of a polypeptide

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16
Q

What do codons code for?

A

Specific amino acids

17
Q

What do start and stop codons do?

A

Start and stop translation

18
Q

What are ribosomes made from?

A

Ribosomes are made from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

19
Q

What is the role of mRNA?

A

mRNA carries a copy of the DNA code to the nucleus from the ribosome where it is translated.

20
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

rRNA makes ribosomes and proteins.

21
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

The role of tRNA is to transfer specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes.

22
Q

What are the amino acids carried by?

A

Amino acids are carried by specific tRNA molecules

23
Q

What do tRNA anticodons align with?

A

tRNA anticodons align to their complementary codons on mRNA.

24
Q

Once the tRNA molecules deliver amino acids in sequence, these are joined by what kind of bonds to form what?

A

Joined by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

25
Q

Following polypeptide formation, what happens to tRNA?

A

tRNA exits the ribosome to collect further amino acids.

Higher Human Biology (3 decks)

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