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Higher Human Biology > 1.2 Structure And Replication Of DNA > Flashcards

1.2 Structure And Replication Of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a substance which encodes genetic information in a chemical language.

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2
Q

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

A

Double-stranded helix.

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3
Q

What is each strand of DNA made up of?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

What 3 parts is a nucleotide made up of?

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and a base.

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5
Q

How many carbon atoms do deoxyribose molecules have?

A

5 carbon atoms.

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6
Q

What is a sugar phosphate backbone?

A

A strongly bonded strand of DNA.

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7
Q

What are the four different DNA bases?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

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8
Q

Where is the genetic information encoded?

A

The genetic information is encoded in the sequence of bases along the length of one of the strands of a DNA molecule.

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9
Q

What base does Adenine pair with?

A

Thymine.

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10
Q

What base does cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine.

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11
Q

What kind of bonds are base pairs held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Each strand of DNA has what kind of backbone?

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

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13
Q

What are the two strands of DNA described as when they run in opposite directions?

A

Anti-parallel

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14
Q

What is the process of Replication?

A

Replication is the process by which DNA molecules can replicate themselves to create identical copies.

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15
Q

What is the enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA?

A

DNA Polymerase

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16
Q

Which enzyme adds complementary DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of a DNA strand?

A

DNA Polymerase

17
Q

What does DNA Polymerase require to start replication?

A

A primer.

18
Q

What is a primer?

A

A primer is a short complementary strand of nucleotides which ‘kick starts’ the replication process as it allows the binding of DNA Polymerase.

19
Q

What is the name of the 3’ to 5’ strand and how is it replicated?

A

Leading strand and is replicated continuously.

20
Q

On what strand are nucleotides added in fragments?

A

The lagging strand

21
Q

What enzyme joins the fragments on the lagging strand together?

A

DNA Ligase.

Higher Human Biology (3 decks)

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