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PE- Mr Mcdarby > 1.3 - Energy for exercise > Flashcards

1.3 - Energy for exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Using the ATP/PC system as your example, explain the principle of a coupled reaction (4)

A
  • products of one reaction are used for the second reaction
  • first reaction is exothermic so produces energy
  • For example: PC -> P + C + ENERGY
  • second reaction is endothermic and uses energy from the first reaction
  • For example: breakdown of PC provides energy which can be used for resynthesise of ATP
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2
Q

what is the fuel used for ATP/PC

A
  • phosphocreatine
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3
Q

general details of the ATP/PC system

A
  • predominantly anaerobic
  • coupled reaction
  • Exothermic
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4
Q

What is the formula and the yield for the ATP/PC system

A

PC -> P + C + ENERGY
ENERGY + ADP + Pi = ATP

1:1

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5
Q

Location of the ATP/PC system

A

muscle cell sarcoplasm

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6
Q

What is the enzyme used to breakdown Phosphocreatine

A

creatine kinase

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7
Q

What type of activity uses the ATP/PC system

A

high intensity, short in duration
100m sprint

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7
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of the ATP/PC system

A

Advantages:
- PC is stored in the muscle cell so is readily available
- does not require O2
- Quick resynthesis time

Disadvantages:
- Low yield
- Deplete within 10 seconds of exercise

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7
Q

what fuel does the lactic acid system use

A
  • Glycogen
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8
Q

Formula and yield for Lactic acid system

A

GPP PFK
Glycogen ——– Glucose ——— Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid (No O2 available)

  • 2 ATP released when glucose is broken down

1:2

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9
Q

Site of reaction for lactic acid system

A
  • Muscle cell sarcoplasm
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10
Q

What are the enzymes used in the lactic acid system and function

A

GPP - Glycogen to glucose
PFK - glucose to pyruvic acid

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11
Q

which Type of activity uses the lactic acid system

A
  • High intensity, short duration
  • 400m running
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12
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of the lactic acid system

A

Advantage:
- good speed endurance
- Large glycogen store in the muscle
- Stored in muscle cell so is readily available

Disadvantages:
- Produces fatiguing by products
- lactic acid can inhibit enzymes
- not as quick

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13
Q

Fuel used for aerobic energy system

A
  • Glycogen
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14
Q

What is the yield for the aerobic system and the breakdown for ATP produced in each step

A

1:38 ATP

2 ATP at the Glycolysis stage
2 ATP at the Krebs Cycle stage
34 ATP at the electron transport chain

15
Q

What is the site of Glycolysis (aerobic system)

A

Muscle cell sarcoplasm

16
Q

What is the site of the krebs cycle (aerobic system)

A

Matrix of mitochondria

17
Q

What is the site of the Electron transport chain (aerobic system)

A

cristae of mitochondria

18
Q

Formula of Aerobic system

A

Step 1: Glycolysis
- glucose broken down into pyruvic acid
- (Produces 2 ATP)
- with the presence of O2 the pyruvic acid enters the link reaction where it binds with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA

Step 2: Krebs cycle
- Acetyl CoA enters the krebs cycle
- binds with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
- CO2 are produced
- oxidised to form Hydrogen atoms
- (2 ATP)

Step 3:
- Hydrogen atoms combine with NAD and FAD
- carried along the electron transport chain
- hydrogen atoms split into hydrogen electrons
- Hydrogen electrons combine with oxygen (the final electron acceptor) to form water
- during this 34 ATP is produced

19
Q

What type of activity uses aerobic energy system

A
  • 3 mins+
  • marathon, 1500m
20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic energy system

A

Advantages:
- high ATP yield
- no fatiguing by products

Disadvantages:
- only suitable for low to moderate exercise

21
Q

Explain the role of ATP

A
  • only useable source of energy
  • has high energy phosphate bonds
  • ATP-> ADP + P+ ENERGY
  • Exothermic reaction so releases energy
  • can be re synthesised via the energy systems
  • ADP + P + ENERGY -> ATP
22
Q

Explain how the majority of ATP would be re synthesised by a marathon runner (5)

A
  • Aerobic system
  • fuel: glycogen
  • stages: glycolysis, krebs, ETC
  • sites of stages
  • Yield
  • process of each stage (products)
  • Duration of system
  • Intensity of system
23
Q

Using examples of a team sport, describe how players re synthesise ATP during a game using the ATP/PC system and lactic acid system (6)

A

ATP-PC:
- Defender sprinting to make a slide tackle in football
- high intensity (<10 seconds)
- phosphocreatine
- yield
- process
- creatine kinase
- coupled reaction
- muscle cell sarcoplasm

Lactic acid system:
- player turning over the ball in defence and starting a counter attack
- High intensity (up to 3 mins)
- fuel
- yield
- process
- enzyme action
- process
- location

24
Q

how does oxygen and fuel availability affect ATP re synthesis and what energy system is used (4)

A
  • if oxygen was available then the aerobic system would be predominant (aerobic)
  • if it wasn’t available then the anaerobic system will be predominant (lactic)
  • If there are high PC stores then the lactic system will be predominant
  • if glycogen or carbohydrate is present then the aerobic system will be the predominant
25
Q

Net ballers arguing about positioning on the energy continuum. Discuss factors to consider that they may both be correct

A
  • Position on court (Centre will do more anaerobic work than a keeper)
  • Standard of game (aerobic intensity may increase with a rise in standard)
  • tactics ( high tempo game - pressing?)
  • Motivation (effort put in by player, importance of the game
26
Q

During a 100m sprint an athlete resynthesises ATP. what is the fuel and the site of the reaction

A
  • Phosphocreatine
  • sarcoplasm
27
Q

Describe the predominant energy system used by elite swimmers during the 100m free style

A

Lactic acid system
- anaerobic
- glycogen
- sarcoplasm
- yield
- process
- enzymes

28
Q

Why can’t the lactic acid system last more than several minutes

A
  • fatiguing by product
  • increase blood acidity
  • inhibits and denatures enzyme action
29
Q

using sporting examples, compare the energy expenditure and energy intake of elite athletes to untrained performers

A
  • all elite performers will have greater energy expenditure due to the demands of the sport
  • energy intake will need to increase
  • in order to maintain energy balance
  • increase in protein and carbs
30
Q

Identify the processes that occur during the fast component of excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

A
  • ALACTACID DEBT
  • Re synthesise all ATP and PC
  • Replenish all myoglobin oxygen stores

2-3 mins
4 litres of oxygen

  • energy for these endothermic reactions is made available by the aerobic energy system breaking down carbs and fats
31
Q

Identify the processes that occur during the slow component of excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

A
  • LACTACID DEBT
  • lactic acid accumulated needs to be removed
  • removal of lactic acid (lactic acid is converted back to Pyruvic acid)
    -60% of lactic acid is used as a metabolic fuel to support functions such as thermoregulation
  • takes an hour
  • 5-8 litres of oxygen
32
Q

Recovery process for planning physical activity sessions - examples of a training session you might plan

A
  • speed training (work relief = 1:3) - 2-3mins full recovery
  • speed endurance (work relief = 1:2
  • endurance training (ratio = 1:1 or 1:0.5)
33
Q

What is the energy continuum

A

refers to the contribution of each energy system to the production of energy, depending on the intensity and duration of the sport.

PE- Mr Mcdarby (13 decks)

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