1.3 - Energy for exercise Flashcards
Using the ATP/PC system as your example, explain the principle of a coupled reaction (4)
- products of one reaction are used for the second reaction
- first reaction is exothermic so produces energy
- For example: PC -> P + C + ENERGY
- second reaction is endothermic and uses energy from the first reaction
- For example: breakdown of PC provides energy which can be used for resynthesise of ATP
what is the fuel used for ATP/PC
- phosphocreatine
general details of the ATP/PC system
- predominantly anaerobic
- coupled reaction
- Exothermic
What is the formula and the yield for the ATP/PC system
PC -> P + C + ENERGY
ENERGY + ADP + Pi = ATP
1:1
Location of the ATP/PC system
muscle cell sarcoplasm
What is the enzyme used to breakdown Phosphocreatine
creatine kinase
What type of activity uses the ATP/PC system
high intensity, short in duration
100m sprint
Advantages and disadvantages of the ATP/PC system
Advantages:
- PC is stored in the muscle cell so is readily available
- does not require O2
- Quick resynthesis time
Disadvantages:
- Low yield
- Deplete within 10 seconds of exercise
what fuel does the lactic acid system use
- Glycogen
Formula and yield for Lactic acid system
GPP PFK
Glycogen ——– Glucose ——— Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid (No O2 available)
- 2 ATP released when glucose is broken down
1:2
Site of reaction for lactic acid system
- Muscle cell sarcoplasm
What are the enzymes used in the lactic acid system and function
GPP - Glycogen to glucose
PFK - glucose to pyruvic acid
which Type of activity uses the lactic acid system
- High intensity, short duration
- 400m running
Advantages and disadvantages of the lactic acid system
Advantage:
- good speed endurance
- Large glycogen store in the muscle
- Stored in muscle cell so is readily available
Disadvantages:
- Produces fatiguing by products
- lactic acid can inhibit enzymes
- not as quick
Fuel used for aerobic energy system
- Glycogen
What is the yield for the aerobic system and the breakdown for ATP produced in each step
1:38 ATP
2 ATP at the Glycolysis stage
2 ATP at the Krebs Cycle stage
34 ATP at the electron transport chain
What is the site of Glycolysis (aerobic system)
Muscle cell sarcoplasm
What is the site of the krebs cycle (aerobic system)
Matrix of mitochondria
What is the site of the Electron transport chain (aerobic system)
cristae of mitochondria
Formula of Aerobic system
Step 1: Glycolysis
- glucose broken down into pyruvic acid
- (Produces 2 ATP)
- with the presence of O2 the pyruvic acid enters the link reaction where it binds with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA
Step 2: Krebs cycle
- Acetyl CoA enters the krebs cycle
- binds with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
- CO2 are produced
- oxidised to form Hydrogen atoms
- (2 ATP)
Step 3:
- Hydrogen atoms combine with NAD and FAD
- carried along the electron transport chain
- hydrogen atoms split into hydrogen electrons
- Hydrogen electrons combine with oxygen (the final electron acceptor) to form water
- during this 34 ATP is produced
What type of activity uses aerobic energy system
- 3 mins+
- marathon, 1500m
Advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic energy system
Advantages:
- high ATP yield
- no fatiguing by products
Disadvantages:
- only suitable for low to moderate exercise
Explain the role of ATP
- only useable source of energy
- has high energy phosphate bonds
- ATP-> ADP + P+ ENERGY
- Exothermic reaction so releases energy
- can be re synthesised via the energy systems
- ADP + P + ENERGY -> ATP
Explain how the majority of ATP would be re synthesised by a marathon runner (5)
- Aerobic system
- fuel: glycogen
- stages: glycolysis, krebs, ETC
- sites of stages
- Yield
- process of each stage (products)
- Duration of system
- Intensity of system
