1.1 - Skeletal and muscular systems

Question 1

What type of joint is the ankle joint and what are the types of movement it produces

Answer 1

• hinge joint
• plantar flexion
• dorsi flexion

Question 2

Describe the wrist joint: include
(type of joint, muscles, articulating bones, movement)

Answer 2

• condyloid
• wrist flexors, wrist extensors
• radius, ulna and carpals
• flexion and extension

Question 3

Describe the elbow joint: include
(type of joint, muscles, articulating bones, movement)

Answer 3

• hinge joint
• ulna, humerus and radius
• flexion and extension
• biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Question 4

Describe the Shoulder joint: include
(type of joint, muscles, articulating bones, movement)

Answer 4

• ball and socket
• deltoid and latissimus dorsi
• humerus, clavicle and scalpula
• All the movement

Question 5

Describe the knee joint: include
(type of joint, muscles, articulating bones, movement)

Answer 5

• hinge
• biceps femoris and rectus femoris
• femur, fibula and tibia
• flexion and extension

Question 6

what joint is the spine joint

Answer 6

• cartilaginous

Question 7

What are the different types of muscular contractions

Answer 7

• Eccentric: muscle lengthens under tension
• Concentric: muscle shortens as it contracts
• Isometric: Contracts with no change in length
• isotonic: muscle contracts and changes in length (eccentric and concentric)

Question 8

Describe a type 1 muscle fibre (slow twitch) - sporting example

Answer 8

• slow oxidative
• fatigue resistance
• slow force of contraction
• aerobic exercise (marathon running)

Question 9

Describe a type 2a (FOG) - sporting example

Answer 9

• fast oxidative glycoltic
• fast speed of contraction
• Quick to fatigue
• 400m runner

Question 10

Describe the muscle type 2b (FG) - sporting example

Answer 10

• fast glycoltic
• very fast
• very high force of contraction
• very quick to fatigue
• explosive (100m)

Question 11

Describe the transverse plane - sporting example

Answer 11

• body split into top and bottom
• forehand racket shot

Question 12

Describe the frontal plane - Sporting example

Answer 12

• body split into front and back
• cartwheel

Question 13

Describe the sagittal plane - sporting example

Answer 13

• Body split into left and right
• Kick, throw and jump (squat)

Question 14

Explain how Motor units are used to form a muscular contraction

Answer 14

• controlled by the CNS
  (impulse - action potential)
• detected by motor neuron
• impulse sent down axon to motor end plates
  (At the Neuromuscular junction)
• Neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) flows into synaptic cleft
• If the impulse is big enough muscle fibres will contract (all or nothing)

Question 15

Isotonic vs Isometric

Answer 15

Isometric - engaging muscles with tension but no movement
Isotonic - a change of length to the muscle