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AQA GCSE DT > 1.3 Developments in new materials > Flashcards

1.3 Developments in new materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a modern material?

A

A material that has recently been developed for specific applications

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2
Q

what is graphene?

A

a single carbon layer material, which is 100x stronger then steel

  • very strong
  • very lightweight
  • extremely flexible
  • transparent
  • conducts electricity and heat
  • used in solar cells
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3
Q

Explain metal foam?

A

metals like aluminium can be made into foam by injecting gas into them when they are a liquid

  • very lightweight
  • can absorb energy well
  • used for soundproofing or crash protection
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4
Q

properties of titanium?

A
  • fourth most abundant metal
    -high corrosive resistance, even to salt water and chlorine
  • high strength to density ratio
  • ## used for outside of aircraft due to strength and non corrosive nature
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5
Q

What are some properties of coated materials?

A
  • include anodised aluminium, nickel plated steels, polymer coated aluminium
  • coating metals make them corrosion resistant and add an attractive finish
  • dip coating is dipping metal in liquid polymer
  • powder coating is when powder is sprayed on a metal and cured in the oven.
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6
Q

Properties of the liquid crystal display?

A
  • a laminated material of two layers of glass with a liquid crystal core .
  • a thin flat panel that let lights go through when voltage is applied
  • digital watches and flat screen tv.
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7
Q

What are some properties of nano-materials?

A
  • have tiny parts which are extremely small
  • used in surface surface coatings or thin films
  • used in sports equipment-tennis racket, gold shoes
  • used to make it stronger without adding too much weight
    • also used in clothing, socks - to reduce sweat absorption
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8
Q

properties of teflon?

A
  • used on pan surfaces, to make sure it doesn’t stick
  • slippery material
  • used in clothing to stop dirt from sticking to fabric
  • used in pipes and containers for chemicals
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9
Q

Explain corn starch polymers?

A
  • made to replace oil based polymers
  • used in manufacture of products which have short lifespan
  • degradable and will beak down over time
  • made from polylactic acid found in high starch vegetables
  • also used in food packaging
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10
Q

What are smart materials?

A

a material that changes its properties in response to changes in the environment

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11
Q

What are therm-chronic material?

A
  • change colour at specific temperatures

- available as plastic, ink, dyes

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12
Q

Give examples of therm-chronic pigments in life?

A
  • colour indicators on bottles to show if cold enough
  • plastic strips for temperature checks of children’s foreheads
  • t-shirts that change colour
  • baby spoons that change colour when the food is too hot
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13
Q

Explain shape memory alloys?

A

if material is bent or deformed, will return to its original shape when heated

  • a responce to change in temp is needed (fire alarms or hot water valves in shower)
  • a damaged product needs to be prepared
  • movement is needed from an electrical current
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14
Q

Explain photochromic pigments?

A

material change colour if level of light changes

  • lenses in sunglasses, changing shade colour
  • security markers only seen in ultraviolet light
  • windows which change shade depending on light
  • bracelets that change colour if you are getting too much light
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15
Q

What is a composite?

A

a material that combines the properties of the materials that were used to make it

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16
Q

What is GRP?

A

glass-fibre reinforced polymer

  • glass + flexible polymer
  • tough but not brittle
  • used to make hulls of boats, car bodies
17
Q

What is CRP

A

carbon reinforced plastic

  • high strength to weight ratio
  • used in aerospace and motor racing
  • gives high quality finish, but more expensive then GRP
18
Q

Give an example of a particle composite?

A

concrete

19
Q

Explain the composite cement?

A
  • sand, stones and water
  • very good compressive strength
  • needs tensile strength
20
Q

What is a technical textile?

A

textile materials and products that are manufactured for their technical performance of properties rather then their aesthetic characteristics

21
Q

What are conductive fabrics?

A

fabrics which have conductive fibres woven into them or conductive powders impregnated into them.

22
Q

What are conductive fabrics also called?

A

e-textiles or electronic textiles

23
Q

What have conductive fabrics been used for?

A

in fencing jackets to help with scoring systems. When a specific area of the jacket it hit, a strike is recorded

24
Q

What is a fire resistant fabric?

A

give a flame resistant finish

25
Q

give examples of fire resistant fabric uses?

A
  • for firemen in clothes
  • children’s nightwear
  • cotton/viscose finishing
26
Q

name a fire resistant material and explain it?

A

nomex - made from a type of polymer called meta-aramid

  • thickens when heated, increasing protection, while still staying supple and flexible for movement
  • lightweight and breathable
27
Q

Explain kevlar?

A

formed by combining different threads which are woven together to produce an incredibly strong material

  • when combines with resin produces lightweight and extremely strong material
  • can withstand EXTREME temperatures
  • resist attacks from chemicals
  • used as bullet proof vest, helmet, face mask, motorcycle safety
28
Q

Explain gore-tex

A
  • waterproof yet breathable textile
  • used in clothing to give waterproof protection and allows for release of perspiration vapour (sweat)
  • has a layer of plastic based on teflon which has lots of mini holes for sweat droplets to go through
  • breathable insulator
29
Q

What are microfibres?

A

a very thin synthetic fibre

30
Q

What are microfibres used for?

A

outdoor clothing and sportswear

31
Q

What are some characteristics of microfibres?

A

breathable, durable, crease resistant and easy to care for

32
Q

What do some microfibres include?

A

micro encapsulation

33
Q

What is micro encapsulation?

A

very thin fibres which hold chemicals in tiny capsules, which can break open and release

34
Q

When is micro encapsulation used?

A

outdoor clothing for mosquito repellent

- adding scent to clothing - perfume

AQA GCSE DT (8 decks)

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