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OCR Computer Science GCSE > 1.3 - Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols > Flashcards

1.3 - Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A
  • Small geographical area (same building or a small site)
  • Infrastructure owned by the network owner
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2
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A
  • Large geographical area (across a country)
  • Infrastructure owned by third parties
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3
Q

What are the advantages of using a Client-Server network?

A
  • Controlled centrally so it is easy to backup data and update software
  • Hardware, software and resources shared across the network
  • More clients can be easily added to the network
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Client-Server network?

A
  • Traffic congestion will cause network to slow down
  • If a fault occurs with the server, the whole network will fail
  • IT technicians are required to maintain the network
  • Malware can spread quickly
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5
Q

What are the advantages of using a Peer-to-Peer network?

A
  • Simpler than Client-Server to set up as no server is required
  • Not dependent on a server
  • Easy to share files between systems
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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Peer-to-Peer network?

A
  • No central device to manage security or backups
  • More devices will lead to a decrease in performance
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7
Q

What are data packets?

A

Files broken down into smaller parts to be transferred across a network quickly by routers

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8
Q

What is in the header of a data packet?

A
  • Source address
  • Destination address
  • Packet number
  • Protocol
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9
Q

What is in the payload of a data packet?

A

The data itself

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10
Q

What is in the trailer of a data packet?

A

A checksum (calculation to see if any errors or corruption has occurred during transmission)

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11
Q

What is a network topology?

A

Layout of computer systems on a local network

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12
Q

What is a star topology?

A

Each computer system is connected to a central device (hub or switch)

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13
Q

What are the advantages of a star topology?

A
  • Improved security as data packets are sent directly to and from the hub / switch
  • New systems can be attached directly
  • Transfer speeds are fast as there are minimal network collisions
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star topology?

A
  • Extra hardware (hub or switch) is required
  • If the central system (hub or switch) fails, the whole network will fail
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15
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A

Each computer system is connected to every other computer system

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16
Q

What are the advantages of a mesh topology?

A
  • If one cable or system fails, data packets can take an alternative route
  • Can withstand large amounts of data traffic
  • New systems can be added without disrupting the entire topology
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17
Q

What are disadvantages of a mesh topology?

A
  • Large amount of cables mean it can be expensive to install and maintain
  • Redundant cabling
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18
Q

What affects network performance?

A
  • Bandwidth
  • Number of users at the same time
  • Number of data collisions
  • Interference (e.g. thick walls)
  • Distance to travel / signal strength
  • Amount of data to transfer
  • Applications being used
  • Server / CPU performance
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19
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The maximum amount of data that can be sent across a network at once

20
Q

What kind of network hardware?

A
  • Wireless Access Point (WAP)
  • Router
  • Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • Transmission medium
  • Switch
21
Q

What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A

Links wireless and wired networks

22
Q

What does a router do?

A

Transfers data packets between networks

23
Q

What does a switch do?

A

Connects devices together on a LAN

24
Q

What does a Network Interface Card (NIC) contain?

A

A unique hardware address, called a MAC address

25
Q

What kinds of transmission media are there?

A
  • Ethernet cables
  • Fibre Optic cables
  • Coaxial cables
26
Q

What are ethernet cables?

A

Used on a LAN to transfer data

27
Q

What are Fibre Optic cables?

A

Very fast but expensive and fragile cables used to send data quickly along a WAN as pulses of light

28
Q

What are coaxial cables?

A

Older, slower copper cables

29
Q

What is the Internet?

A

A global network of interconnected networks

30
Q

What are IP addresses used for?

A

Locate devices on the Internet geographically

31
Q

What is an IPv4 address?

A
  • 4 values where the largest number for each value is 255, each separated by a dot
  • E.G: 128.10.2.255
32
Q

What is an IPv6 address?

A
  • 8 hexadecimal numbers where the largest value for each is FFFF, each separated by a colon
  • E.G: 1A28:724C:1111:4812:FE38:579B:BA34:111B
33
Q

Give 2 differences between IP addresses and MAC addresses.

A
  • IP addresses are configured by software, MAC addresses are configured by hardware
  • IP addresses can be changed whereas MAC addresses can’t be changed
  • IPv4 addresses are 4 bytes long, MAC addresses are 6 bytes long
  • IPv4 is written in denary, MAC addresses are written in hexadecimal
  • IP addresses are used for routing across the internet/a WAN, MAC addresses are only used within the LAN
34
Q

What is a Domain Name Server (DNS)?

A

When a URL is entered, a DNS looks up its IP address

35
Q

What do cloud servers do?

A

Host resources or files that can be accessed through the Internet

36
Q

What are protocols?

A

A set of rules enabling devices to communicate

37
Q

What are networking standards?

A

Rules that allow computer systems to communicate across networks

38
Q

What does Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) do?

A

Splits data into packets and handles errors

39
Q

What does Internet Protocol (IP) do?

A

Assigns IP addresses

40
Q

What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/S) for?

A

For web pages, HTTPS is encrypted

41
Q

What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for?

A

For sending files

42
Q

What is Post Office Protocol (POP) for?

A

Inbound emails, no server sync

43
Q

What is Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) for?

A

Inbound email, mail client syncs with mail server

44
Q

What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for?

A

Outbound email

45
Q

What is WiFi and Bluetooth for?

A

Wireless Internet, WiFi = LAN, Bluetooth = for one person

46
Q

What is a layer?

A

A grouping of protocols that perform similar functions

47
Q

What is the 4-Layer TCP-IP model?

A
  1. Application - Allows humans and software applications to use the same network
  2. Transport - Makes sure the data is sent and received in the correct order and reassembled at the destination
  3. Network - Optimal route for data is calculated
  4. Data Link - Handles transmission errors and passes data to the physical layer

OCR Computer Science GCSE (18 decks)

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