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GCSE Computer Science > 1.3 Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols > Flashcards

1.3 Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

Network

A

Formed when 2 or more computers are linked together in order to communicate + share resources

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2
Q

LAN full form

A

Local Area Network

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3
Q

LAN

A

A network covering a small geographical area on a single site
Computers are connected to each other

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4
Q

Who is hardware owned by in a LAN?

A

By the organisation

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5
Q

Are LANs wired or wireless?

A

Wired (e.g. using ethernet cables) or Wireless (e.g. using Wi-Fi)

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6
Q

WAN full form

A

Wide Area Network

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7
Q

WAN

A

Connects LANs that are in different geographical locations

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8
Q

Example use of a WAN

A

businesses with offices abroad

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9
Q

Who is hardware owned by in a WAN?

A

Hire infrastructure

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10
Q

Are WANs wired or wireless?

A

Wired

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11
Q

What medium do WANs use?

A

Fibre - Optic
Copper telephone lines
Satellite links
Radio links

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12
Q

What is the biggest WAN?

A

The Internet

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13
Q

Factors that affect Network Performance

A

Bandwidth available
Transmission media
Number of users
Network Topology
Choice of hardware

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14
Q

NIC full form

A

Network Interface Controller

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15
Q

NIC

A

allow a device to connect to a network. Each one has a unique MAC address

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16
Q

Switches

A

Connect devices on a LAN. Receives data in frames from one device and transmits the data to the device with the correct MAC address

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17
Q

Routers

A

Transmits data between networks. Directs data in packets to their destination
Recieves data between networks
Forwards data to their destination

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18
Q

Where are Routers used?

A

Homes / offices to connect a LAN to the internet

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19
Q

3 types of Transmission Media

A

Fibre Optic Cables
Coaxial Cables
Ethernet

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20
Q

Fibre Optic Cables

A
  • Transmit data as light
  • High performance/no interference =
    expensive
  • Can transmit data over long distances
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21
Q

Coaxial Cables

A

Single copper wire with plastic insulation and metal mesh (shielding from outside interference)

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22
Q

Ethernet

A

Most common: CAT 5e, CAT 6
4 pairs of twisted cables -> to reduce interference

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23
Q

Bluetooth

A

Direct connection between 2 devices

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24
Q

Bluetooth connection range

A

10m

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25
Q

Bluetooth Bandwidth

A

Low

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26
Q

Bluetooth uses

A

Mobile/wearable devices

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27
Q

Wi-FI

A

For multiple devices to connect to a LAN at the same time

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28
Q

Wi-Fi connection range

A

40-100m

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29
Q

Wi-Fi Bandwidth

A

High

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30
Q

Wi-Fi uses

A

Home

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31
Q

Client - Server

A

Managed by a server
Files + software are stored centrally

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32
Q

Client - Server Relationship

A

Clients send requests to the server to access data

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33
Q

What does a client - server server store

A

Files
Passwords

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34
Q

Example of a client-server relationship

A

Websites are hosted on web – servers. Web browsers (clients) sent requests to the web – servers to access data

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35
Q

Advantages of a Client - Server

A

Easy to keep track of files
Easy to perform backups
Easy to install + update software

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36
Q

Disadvantages of a Client - Server

A

Expensive to setup
Server dependence - if the server is down then all clients lose their work
Server may become overloaded – too many clients access it at once

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37
Q

Peer to Peer

A

All devices are equal –> connect directly to each other

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38
Q

Where are files stored on a peer to peer

A

On individual devices

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39
Q

Uses of Peer to Peer

A

Home to share files between devices/share hardware

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40
Q

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer

A

Easy to maintain – no expensive hardware
No dependence on server – if one device fails the whole network isn’t lost

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41
Q

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer

A

No centralised management -> backups + software updates are more complicated
Copying files between devices creates duplicate files which can easily be lost track of

42
Q

Topology

A

The layout of a network
How the devices are connected together

43
Q

Examples of Network Topologies

A

Star
Mesh
Partial Mesh
Bus
Ring

44
Q

Star Topology

A

All the devices are connected to a central switch/server
Wired or wireless

45
Q

What is the central switch for in a star topology

A

Allows many devices to access the server at the same time

46
Q

Advantages of a Star Topology

A

If a device fails/cable disconnects, the rest of the network is unaffected
Easier to add devices to the network
Very few data collisions

47
Q

Disadvantages of a Star Topology

A

In a wired star network, every device needs a cable -> expensive
Centralised -> If the switch is not working, the whole network is affected

48
Q

Mesh Topology

A

Decentralised – all devices are connected to each other
Send data on the fastest route from one device to another

49
Q

Advantage of Mesh Topology

A

No single point likely to fail -> if a device fails, data can be sent on another route

50
Q

Disadvantage of Mesh Topology

A

Wired mesh networks are expensive to set up

51
Q

Partial Mesh Topology

A

All the devices are not fully – connected to each other

52
Q

Bus Topology

A

All devices are arranged in a line, connected to a single backbone cable -> lots of data collisions

53
Q

Ring Topology

A

All data moves in one direction to prevent collisions.
Only one device can send data at a time, and has to pass through many devices before reaching its destination

54
Q

Network Standard

A

a set of agreed requirements for hardware and software

55
Q

What is the point of network standards?

A

Allows manufacturers to create products/programs that will be compatible with other products/programs or will work on other systems

56
Q

Network Protocol

A

A set of rules for how devices communicate + how data is transmitted on a network

57
Q

Communication Protocols

A

specify how communication between 2 devices must start and end (how data must be organised, what to do if data goes missing)

58
Q

MAC addresses full form

A

Media Access Control address

59
Q

MAC address

A

For communication on the same network
Used by ethernet protocols or LANs

60
Q

IP address

A

For communication between different networks

61
Q

What does every NIC have?

A

A MAC address

62
Q

When are MAC addresses assigned

A

On manufacture -> unique, cannot be changed

63
Q

Form of MAC address

A

48 or 64 bit
Converted to six groups of two hexadecimal -> for ease

64
Q

What do LAN switches use MAC addresses for?

A

to direct data to the right device on a network

65
Q

What are IP addresses assigned to?

A

Every device connecting to the internet is assigned an IP address so that it can be identified/located

66
Q

Types of IP address

A

IPv4
IPv6

67
Q

IPv4

A

32-bit, 2*32 possibilities
Split into 8–bit chunks, and each chunk is given a denary number

68
Q

IPv6

A

128 bits, 2*128 possibilities
Split into 16-bit chunks, and each chunk is given a hexadecimal number

69
Q

Why was IPv6 created?

A

Created due to increasing number of devices needing unique IP addresses

70
Q

HTTP full form

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

71
Q

HTTP use

A

Used by web browsers to access websites + communicate with web servers

72
Q

HTTPS full form

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

73
Q

HTTPS use

A

More secure version of HTTP. Encrypts all information sent and received

74
Q

FTP full form

A

File Transfer Protocol

75
Q

FTP use

A

Used to access, edit and move files between devices on a network

76
Q

POP3 full form

A

Post Office Protocol version 3

77
Q

POP3 use

A

Used to retrieve emails from a server. The email is deleted from the server after the client has downloaded it

78
Q

IMAP full form

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

79
Q

IMAP use

A

Used to retrieve emails from a server. The email is remains on the server after the client has downloaded it (the client only downloads a copy)

80
Q

SMTP full form

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

81
Q

SMTP use

A

Used to send emails + transfer emails between servers

82
Q

TCP/IP

A

a group of protocols dictating how data should be transmitted between networks

83
Q

TCP full form

A

Transmission Control Protocol

84
Q

TCP use

A

How devices should connect to a network
Splits data into packets + reassembles them once they have reached their destination
Check if data is correctly sent + delivered

85
Q

IP full form

A

Internet Protocol

86
Q

IP use

A

Directs data to their destination across a network

87
Q

Layer

A

a division of network functionality
a group of protocols which have similar functions

88
Q

Characteristics of a layer

A

Self - contained
Data can only be passed between adjacent layers

89
Q

Advantages of Layers

A

Self - contained -> they can be changed without affecting the other layers
Different people can work on different layers
Easier to identify + correct errors
Forces companies to make compatible/universal hardware + software -> that will work together

90
Q

Internet

A

a worldwide collection of networks linked together as a WAN. Based around TCP/IP

91
Q

World Wide Web (WWW)

A

a collection of websites that are hosted on web servers

92
Q

URLs

A

addresses used to access web servers and resources on them

93
Q

URL full form

A

Uniform Resource Locator

94
Q

DNS

A

translates domain names (URLS) into IP addresses. The IP addresses are stored on Domain Name Servers

95
Q

DNS full form

A

Domain Name Service

96
Q

Hosting

A

when businesses use its servers to store files of another organisation

97
Q

Cloud computing (‘the cloud’)

A

acts as an extension of a client – server network, where user files are stored centrally on a network server

98
Q

Advantages of the Cloud

A

Users can access files + applications from any device
Easy to increase available storage
No expensive hardware

99
Q

Disadvantages of the Cloud

A

Needs internet connection to access
Dependent on host’s security -> vulnerable to hackers
Subscription fee
Connection may be slow

100
Q

How does a device open a website

A
  • The website is hosted on webservers
  • The website had an IP address
  • The web browser sends URL to the DNS
  • The DNS finds the matching IP
  • If IP is not found, browser sends request to higher DNS
  • IP is sent back to the web browser
  • The web browser sends a request to the webserver
  • The webserver processes the request for the website
  • The webserver sends the website to the user

GCSE Computer Science (12 decks)

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