1.3 cell structure

Question 1

mitochondrion

Answer 1

site of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis
mostly rod-shaped / cylindrical
smooth outer membrane + infolded inner membrane (cristae
contains ribosomes
most mitochondria in muscle/fat cells

Question 2

cell surface membrane

Answer 2

barrier across which all substances entering and leaving the cell must pass
made up of phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded into it

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

controls and regulates cell activity
largest organelle
contains chromosomes that are thread-like structures made of DNA and protein

Question 4

nuclear envelope

Answer 4

surrounds the nucleus

double membrane surrounding nucleus, continuous with endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

site where ribosomes are synthesised

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

ribosomes on rER
site of synthesis of proteins
folds proteins into their 3D conformation

Question 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

site of lipid and steroid synthesis

site of storage of calcium ions in muscle fibers

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

site of synthesis of specific biomolecules such as hormones and enzymes
site of activation of proteins by addition of sugars/removal of amino acids

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

site of protein synthesis in cells

either free floating in cytosol or bound to rER