1.3: Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides Flashcards
Monosaccharides can also be combined in much larger numbers to form polysaccharides.
In carbohydrates, the monomer unit is called what?
In carbohydrates, the monomer unit is called a monosaccharide
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
For example, glucose joined to glucose forms what?
For example, glucose joined to glucose forms maltose
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
For example, glucose joined to fructose forms what?
For example, glucose joined to fructose forms sucrose
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
For example, glucose joined to galactose forms what?
For example, glucose joined to galactose forms lactose
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is what?
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed and the reaction is therefore called what?
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed and the reaction is therefore called a condensation reaction
Condensation reaction
A condensation reaction is a chemical process in which 2 molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water
A condensation reaction is a chemical process in which 2 molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water.
Many what are formed by condensation reactions?
Many biological polymers are formed by condensation reactions
A condensation reaction is a chemical process in which 2 molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water.
Many biological polymers, such as what, are formed by condensation reactions?
Many biological polymers, such as:
- Polysaccharides
- Polypeptides
,are formed by condensation reactions
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed and the reaction is therefore called a condensation reaction.
The bond that is formed is called what?
The bond that is formed is called a glycosidic bond
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed and the reaction is therefore called a condensation reaction.
The bond that is formed is called a glycosidic bond.
When water is added to a disaccharide under suitable conditions, it does what?
When water is added to a disaccharide under suitable conditions, it breaks the glycosidic bond, releasing the constituent monosaccharides
Pairs of monosaccharides can also be combined to form a disaccharide.
When the monosaccharides join, a molecule of water is removed and the reaction is therefore called a condensation reaction.
The bond that is formed is called a glycosidic bond.
When water is added to a disaccharide under suitable conditions, it breaks the glycosidic bond, releasing the constituent monosaccharides.
What is this called?
This is called hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is the breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water molecules
Be clear about the difference between the terms ‘condensation’ and ‘hydrolysis.’
Both condensation and hydrolysis involve the use of water in reactions.
However, condensation is what, while hydrolysis is what?
- Condensation is the giving out of water in reactions
,while
- Hydrolysis is the taking in of water to split molecules in reactions
Some disaccharides, like maltose, are what?
Some disaccharides, like maltose, are reducing sugars
Some disaccharides, like maltose, are reducing sugars.
To detect these we use the Benedict’s test.
Other disaccharides, like sucrose, are known as what?
Other disaccharides, like sucrose, are known as non-reducing sugars
Some disaccharides, like maltose, are reducing sugars.
To detect these we use the Benedict’s test.
Other disaccharides, like sucrose, are known as non-reducing sugars, because they what?
Other disaccharides, like sucrose, are known as non-reducing sugars, because they do not change the colour of Benedict’s reagent when they are heated with it
Some disaccharides, like maltose, are reducing sugars.
To detect these we use the Benedict’s test.
Other disaccharides, like sucrose, are known as non-reducing sugars, because they do not change the colour of Benedict’s reagent when they are heated with it.
In order to detect a non-reducing sugar, it must first be what?
In order to detect a non-reducing sugar, it must first be hydrolysed into its monosaccharide components by hydrolysis
Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules.
The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions.
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are what?
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble
Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules.
The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions.
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble.
This feature makes them suitable for what?
This feature makes polysaccharides suitable for storage
Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules.
The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions.
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble.
This feature makes them suitable for storage.
When they are hydrolysed, polysaccharides do what?
When they are hydrolysed, polysaccharides break down into:
- Disaccharides
Or,
- Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules.
The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions.
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble.
This feature makes them suitable for storage.
When they are hydrolysed, polysaccharides break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides.
Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose, are what?
Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose, are not used for storage
Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules.
The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions.
As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble.
This feature makes them suitable for storage.
When they are hydrolysed, polysaccharides break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides.
Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose, are not used for storage, but do what?
Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose, are not used for storage, but give structural support to plant cells
Polysaccharides illustrate an important principle, that a few basic monomer units can be what to give what?
Polysaccharides illustrate an important principle, that a few basic monomer units can be combined in a number of different ways to give a large range of different biological molecules
