1.3 bonding

Question 1

what is ionic bonding

Answer 1

electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions due to a transfer of electrons

Question 2

what is covalent bonding

Answer 2

a shared pair of electrons

Question 3

what is co-ordinate bonding

Answer 3

when the shared pair of electrons come from one of the atoms

Question 4

what is metallic bonding

Answer 4

the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 5

describe the bp and mp of ionic substances

Answer 5

high mp and bp, alot of energy required to break string electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

when do ionic substances conduct electricity

Answer 6

when molten as the ions are free to move and carry a charge

Question 7

can simple covalent molecules conduct electricity

Answer 7

no, the electrons are not free to move

Question 8

describe the mp and bp of simple covalent molecules

Answer 8

low mp and bp, weak vdw forces, not alot of energy is required to overcome the forces

Question 9

describe the mp and bp of macromolecular molecules

Answer 9

high, strong and high number of covalent bonds

Question 10

describe the mp and bp of metallic molecules

Answer 10

high, strong forces of attraction between positive metal ions and negatively charged sea of delocalised electrons

Question 11

what affects the strength of metallic bonding

Answer 11

1. number of protons/ nuclear charge
2. number of delocalised electrons
3. size of ion

Question 12

what is electronegativity

Answer 12

the ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 13

what affects electronegativity

Answer 13

nuclear charge
atomic radius
electron shielding

Question 14

what are the 3 most electronegative elements

Answer 14

F,O,N

Question 15

what are the 3 types of intermolecular forces, increasing in strength

Answer 15

van der waals
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding

Question 16

van der waal forces

Answer 16

temporary dipoles created by the random movement of electrons, which induces a dipole.

Question 17

what affects van der waals

Answer 17

size of molecule.
as the molecule gets larger, VDW strength gets larger.

Question 18

describe dipole-dipole attraction

Answer 18

molecules with polar bonds have a permanent dipole.
stronger when there is a greater difference in electronegativity

Question 19

describe hydrogen bonding

Answer 19

when F, O or N are bonded to hydrogen. there is a large difference in electronegativity.

Question 20

what is the electron pair repulsion theory

Answer 20

the electron pairs will move to be as far away from each other as possible, to minimise the repulsive forces

Question 21

shape of 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs

Answer 21

linear, 180

Question 22

shape of 2bp and 1 lp

Answer 22

bent, 118

Question 23

shape of 3 bp and 0 lp

Answer 23

trigonal planar, 120

Question 24

shape of 4 bp and 0lp

Answer 24

tetrahedral, 109.5

Question 25

shape of 2bp and 2lp

Answer 25

bent, 104.5

Question 26

shape of 5bp and 0lp

Answer 26

trigonal bipyramid, 90 and 120

Question 27

shape of 4bp and 1lp

Answer 27

see saw, 89 and 119

Question 28

shape of 3bp and 2bp

Answer 28

t shape, 89

Question 29

shape 6bp and 0lp

Answer 29

octahedral, 90

Question 30

shape of 5bp and 1lp

Answer 30

square pyramid, 89

Question 31

shape of 4bp and 2lp

Answer 31

square planar, 90