1.3 Bonding Flashcards
What is meant by ionic bonding?
The electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely-charged ions in a lattice
What is a lattice?
3D arrangement of atoms/ions in a crystal
What is the formula for a sulphate ion?
SO4 2-
What is the formula for a nitrate ion?
NO3 -
What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?
OH -
What is the formula for a carbonate ion?
CO3 2-
What is the formula for a ammonium ion?
NH4 +
What is electrostatic attraction?
Holds +ve and -ve ions together
What is made when oppositely charged ions come together and form ionic bonds?
Ionic compound
What are +ve ions known as?
Cations
What are -ve ions known as?
Anions
Give some examples of ionic compounds?
NaCl, MgCl2, MgO
What are giant ionic lattices?
Ionic crystals
Why are giant ionic lattices referred to as ‘giant’?
It’s made up of the same basic unit repeatedly
Give an example of a giant ionic lattice.
NaCl
What shape is NaCl?
Cube shaped
Describe the electrical conductivity of an ionic compound.
They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Not as a solid. This is because ions are free to move as a liquid and carry a charge. As a solid they are in a fixed position by the strong ionic bonds.
Describe the melting point of an ionic compound.
High melting point as the giant ionic lattices are held by strong electrostatic forces. It requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces and break the bonds.
Describe the solubility of an ionic compound.
Tend to dissolve in water as water is polar (contains both small -ve charges and small +ve charges). Water molecules piull the ions away from the lattice and cause it to dissolve.
Describe how LiF can be formed?
Lithium atom loses one e- to form a lithium ion (Li+). Fluorine gains one e- to form fluoride ion (F-). Electrostatic attraction holds the ions together forming ionic bond.
Does magnesium sulphate have a high or low melting point and why?
Magnesium sulphate is an ionic compound so will have a giant ionic lattice structure where ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces. These bonds require a lot of energy to break so magnesium sulphate will have a high melting point.
What is a covalent bond?
Electrons are shared between two outer shells to achieve a full outer shell
What diagram represents covalent bonds?
Dot and cross diagrams
How many electrons do multiple covalent bonds contain?
Multiple electron pairs
