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AQA A Level Chemistry Physical > 1.3 Bonding > Flashcards

1.3 Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by ionic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely-charged ions in a lattice

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2
Q

What is a lattice?

A

3D arrangement of atoms/ions in a crystal

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3
Q

What is the formula for a sulphate ion?

A

SO4 2-

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4
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

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5
Q

What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?

A

OH -

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6
Q

What is the formula for a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

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7
Q

What is the formula for a ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

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8
Q

What is electrostatic attraction?

A

Holds +ve and -ve ions together

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9
Q

What is made when oppositely charged ions come together and form ionic bonds?

A

Ionic compound

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10
Q

What are +ve ions known as?

A

Cations

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11
Q

What are -ve ions known as?

A

Anions

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12
Q

Give some examples of ionic compounds?

A

NaCl, MgCl2, MgO

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13
Q

What are giant ionic lattices?

A

Ionic crystals

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14
Q

Why are giant ionic lattices referred to as ‘giant’?

A

It’s made up of the same basic unit repeatedly

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15
Q

Give an example of a giant ionic lattice.

A

NaCl

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16
Q

What shape is NaCl?

A

Cube shaped

17
Q

Describe the electrical conductivity of an ionic compound.

A

They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Not as a solid. This is because ions are free to move as a liquid and carry a charge. As a solid they are in a fixed position by the strong ionic bonds.

18
Q

Describe the melting point of an ionic compound.

A

High melting point as the giant ionic lattices are held by strong electrostatic forces. It requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces and break the bonds.

19
Q

Describe the solubility of an ionic compound.

A

Tend to dissolve in water as water is polar (contains both small -ve charges and small +ve charges). Water molecules piull the ions away from the lattice and cause it to dissolve.

20
Q

Describe how LiF can be formed?

A

Lithium atom loses one e- to form a lithium ion (Li+). Fluorine gains one e- to form fluoride ion (F-). Electrostatic attraction holds the ions together forming ionic bond.

21
Q

Does magnesium sulphate have a high or low melting point and why?

A

Magnesium sulphate is an ionic compound so will have a giant ionic lattice structure where ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces. These bonds require a lot of energy to break so magnesium sulphate will have a high melting point.

22
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Electrons are shared between two outer shells to achieve a full outer shell

23
Q

What diagram represents covalent bonds?

A

Dot and cross diagrams

24
Q

How many electrons do multiple covalent bonds contain?

A

Multiple electron pairs

AQA A Level Chemistry Physical (3 decks)

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