1.3 Basic Tissue, Epithelium

Question 1

What is lined with epithelium?

Answer 1

Outer skin and all body cavities, including ducts, glands and vessels.

Question 2

Epithelial cells are connected by one or more _____.

Answer 2

Cell junction

Question 3

The bottom layer or epithelial is attached to a connective tissue that is the basement membrane, called ______.

Answer 3

Basal lamina

Question 4

True or false - epithelial cells are closely side by side (apposed) and contain little or no intercellular substances.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the two types of epithelium?

Answer 5

Covering and glandular

Question 6

What are the four main functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

To protect, secrete, absorb, and sense

Question 7

What are cell junctions?

Answer 7

Gaps in between cells that are joined.

Question 8

What are the four types of junctions?

Answer 8

Tight, adhering, desmosomes, and gap

Question 9

What are the the two polar ends of an epithelial cell, one being exposed and one attached to the underlying tissue (commonly the basement membrane)?

Answer 9

Apical (exposed) surface and basal (attached) surface.

Question 10

How do epithelial cells receive nutrients?

Answer 10

The cells have no direct contact with blood vessels, so they receive nutrients from the vessels in the underlying tissue.

Question 11

True or False - epithelial cells cannot regenerate easily.

Answer 11

False, epithelial cells regenerate easily and continuously.

Question 12

What are the two classifications of epithelial cells?

Answer 12

Simple and stratified

Question 13

What are the three cell shapes?

Answer 13

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Question 14

What is the general function of simple squamous tissue?

Answer 14

To provide a thin layer for energy-efficient and easy transfusion of nutrients from blood vessels.

Question 15

What is lined with simple squamous tissue?

Answer 15

The heart, body cavity and viscera (serous membrane), and all blood and lymphatic vessels, and glands.

Question 16

What is the typical function of simple cuboidal tissue?

Answer 16

To secrete

Question 17

What is made of simple cuboidal cells?

Answer 17

Glands, tubules of the kidneys, and bronchioles of the lungs.

Question 18

What are the two functions of simple columnar?

Answer 18

Absorption and secretion

Question 19

What is lined with simple columnar tissue?

Answer 19

The GI tract and some blood vessels.

Question 20

What is microvilli and what epithelial tissue is it found in?

Answer 20

Microvilli is finger-like protrusions that expand surface area for absorption and secretion. It is specific to simple columnar tissue in the GI tract.

Question 21

What is pseudostratified columnar and what are the two types?

Answer 21

It is single layered cells that look stratified but are not. The two types are ciliated and non-ciliated.

Question 22

What is ciliated pseudostratified columnar tissue and where is it found?

Answer 22

Ciliated columnar has cilia along the apical surface, which helps in moving mucous. Ciliated tissue is found in the upper respiratory tract and trachea, where mucous catches foreign materials for coughing and sneezing.

Question 23

What is non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar tissue and where can it be found?

Answer 23

Non-ciliated tissue is without cilia, and it can be found in the prostate and male vas deferens.

Question 24

What are the general functions the stratified epithelial?

Answer 24

Protects against wear and tear (due to the many layers), strengthens, and secretes

Question 25

Where can stratified squamous tissue be found? What is its function?

Answer 25

It is the most superior layer of skin (keratinized) and the oral cavity and esophagus (non-keratinized). It's function is to protect from abrasion and damage.

Question 26

What is stratified cuboidal and what are its functions?

Answer 26

Multi-layers of cube-shaped cells that are location in some ducts of glands. Their functions are to secrete, and protect and strengthen the ducts of glands.

Question 27

What is stratified columnar tissue and what is its function?

Answer 27

Multi layers of column-shaped cells that are rare, but can be found in the male urethra. The functions are to protect and secrete.

Question 28

What is transitional epithelial tissue and what is its function?

Answer 28

Transitional cells stretches and relaxes. It is found in the bladder and ureters, and the special movement of the cells allow for adjustment of changing volumes or urine.