1.2 Organization of the Body Flashcards
What are the four basic body tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.
What are the fundamental levels of a living organism (ie. a human body)?
- Chemical level (atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles)
- Cellular level (smallest living structure/organism, made of atoms/molecules)
- Tissue level (made of various cells)
- Organ level (formed with two or more tissues that work together to achieve a common function)
- Organ System level (related organs that work together)
- Organismal level (all body/organ systems work interdependently in a single organism, ie. human body)
Which body system includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and prevents water loss, and synthesizes vitamin D?
Integumentary system
Which body system produces blood cells (hemopoiesis), stores calcium and phosphorus, and includes bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments.
Skeletal system
What body system produces heat and movement, and includes the muscles?
Muscular system
Which body system helps regulate all other systems and controls movement, response to stimuli, consciousness, intelligence, and memory?
Nervous system
What body system produces and secretes hormones and functions through glands and cell clusters? Includes pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, etc.
Endocrine system
What body systems mechanically and chemically breaks down and digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste?
Digestive system
What body system exchanges gases, oxidizes blood and diffuses CO2?
Respiratory system
What body system pumps blood throughout the body to distribute hormones, nutrients and gases, and pickup waste?
Cardiovascular system
What is the body system that is comprised of a network or tissue and organs that rids the body of toxins and transports lymph to fight infection?
Lymphatic system
What body system filters blood, and creates and releases urine as a waste byproduct?
Urinary system
What body system produces, maintains, and transports sperm and egg cells, produces sex hormones and facilitates fertilization?
Reproductive system
Dorsal cavity includes what two closed cavities?
Cranial and vertebral cavities
Ventral cavity includes what two subdivisions?
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
What does the thoracic cavity hold?
Superior mediastinum (esophagus and trachea), pleural cavities (surround each lung), and pericardial cavity.
What two organs are inside the superior mediastinum?
Esophagus and trachea.
What two cavities does the abdominopelvic cavity consist of?
Abdominal and pelvic cavities.
___________ divides the body in half.
Sagittal/median
Respiratory tract, GI tract, and urinary tract are open or closed cavities?
Open cavities
__________ divides body into anterior and posterior parts.
Coronal/Frontal
__________ divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Horizontal/transverse/cross
_______ divides the body at an angle.
Oblique
________ is any plan that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Includes sagittal and coronal.
Longitudinal
