1.3 and 1.4 The Expirimental method+selecting research method

Question 1

independant variable

Answer 1

Variable that the experimenter manipulates — Cause (what you are studying)

Question 2

dependent variable

Answer 2

Variable that researchers measure — Effect (result of experiment)

Question 3

control group

Answer 3

in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment. Serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Question 4

population

Answer 4

all individuals who can potentially participate in the study

Question 5

random sample

Answer 5

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 6

placebo effect

Answer 6

a real response to an action or substance based solely on expectations, not actual properties of the action or substance.

Question 7

random assignment

Answer 7

ensures all members of the sample have an equal chance of being place into either group

Question 8

Representative sample

Answer 8

a group of participants that accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population being studied.

Question 9

single blind study

Answer 9

The subjects do not know which group they belong to (either experimental or control group), but the researchers know who is in which group.

Question 10

double blind

Answer 10

The subjects and the researchers do not know which group they belong to (either experimental or control group).

Question 11

experimenter bias

Answer 11

The unconscious tendency for researchers to treat member of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis.

Question 12

sampling bias

Answer 12

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

Question 13

illusory correlation

Answer 13

the perception of a relationship where none exists

Question 14

sampling error

Answer 14

the extent to which the sample differs from the population

Question 15

confounding variable

Answer 15

factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect

Question 16

Situation-relevant confounding variable

Answer 16

when the control group and experimental group are tested in different environments, so that the environment, rather than the independent variable, may account for the change in results.

Question 17

Participant-relevant confounding variable

Answer 17

group assignment leads to significant differences between the control group and the experimental group