1.1-B Identify the research contributions of major historical figures in psychology. Flashcards
Mary Whiton Calkins -
-he was elected president of the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association in 1918. She was the first woman to hold a position in both societies.
Charles darwin
Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence for natural selection
Dorothea Dix
advocate for the mentally ill and created the first generation of American mental asylums.
sigmund frued
- He is the founder of psychoanalysis (the “talking cure”) and developed techniques such as free association and transference.
-His theory of the unconscious included the id, ego, and superego model of the mind.
G. Stanley Hall
-He began the first journal dedicated only to psychology called the American Journal of Psychology.
-He was the first president of the American Psychological Association.
william james
Father of American Psychology and was one of the strongest proponents of the school of functionalism in psychology
abraham maslow
Humanistic psychologist who created the hierarchy of needs
Ivan Pavlov
Father of classical conditioning by studying the digestive systems of dogs. He used a bell as his conditioned stimulus
jean piaget
he created the four stages of cognitive development
carlo rogers
Humanistic psychologist who emphasized acceptance, genuineness, and empathy, and unconditional positive regard
BF skinner
a behaviorist psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which explains how behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment.
Edward B. Titchener
a structuralist psychologist who introduced introspection as a method to explore the structure of the human mind. worked under wundt
john b watson
established the psychological school of behaviorism. He also conducted the “Little Albert” experiment.
Wilhelm Wundt -
founder of experimental psychology, and set up the first laboratory for experimental psychology in Germany.
