1.3 Anatomy Hypothalamus & Pituitary Flashcards
Where is the hypothalamus located?
ventral diencephalon
What are the borders of the hypothalamus?
Ant: optic chiasm Lat: optic tracts Post: mamillary bodies Medial: 3rd ventricle Sup: hypothalamic sulcus
What are the 2 important nuclei associated with the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
AKA of post pituitary
neurohypophysis
AKA of ant. pituitary
adenohypophysis
boney landmarks surrounding pituitary?
ant: tuberculum sellae
Post: dorsum sellae
inf: hypophyseal fossa
post and ant clinoid process
what is the hypothalamus derived from
prosencephalon
what layer is the pituitary derived from?
ectoderm
what are the 3 cell types of adenohypophosis?
acidophils
basophils
chromophobes
general histology of p ituitary
parnchyma consists of cords of small irregular groups of cells
What stain do you use to see the 3 cell types?
H and E stain based on affinity of cytoplasmic granules
Acidophils: staining, cell type
stains bright pink
somatotropes- GH
Mammotropes- PRL
Basophils: staining, cell type?
stains purple
Thyrotropes-TSH
Corticotropes- ACTH
Gonadotropes- FSH, LH
Chromophobes: staining, cell types
appear translucent
EM shows they are old basophils and acidophils
What ectoderm makes up the adenohypophysis
oral ectoderm from rathke’s pouch
What ectoderm makes up the neurohypophysis
neural ectoderm
what is a pharyngeal hypophysis?
when rathkes pouch fails to close off in the oral cavity
What can happen if the pituitary becomes enlarged?
bitemporal heminopsia
lack of eye abduction due to cranial nerve damage in 6
possible damage to 3 & 4 as well
