1.3. Anaesthetics - Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Definition of Anaesthesia?
A
Without feeling / Perception
2
Q
What are the 3 types of Anaesthetic?
A
- General - Centrally acting drugs (Hypnotics / Analgesics)
- Regional - Nerves supplying relevant area
- Local - Directly to Tissue
3
Q
What does General Anaesthetic cause?
A
- Insensibility in the Whole Body
2. Usually causing unconsciousness
4
Q
What does Regional Anaesthetic cause?
A
Insensibility in an Area / Region of the Body
5
Q
What does Local Anaesthetic causes?
A
Insensibility in only the relevant part of the body
6
Q
What types of Drugs are used in Anaesthetics?
A
- Inhalation Anaesthetics
- Intravenous Anaesthetics
- Muscle Relaxants
- Local Anaesthetics
- Analgesics
7
Q
What Techniques and Equipment are used in Anaesthetics?
A
- Tracheal Intibation
- Ventilation
- Fluid Therapy
- Regional Anaesthesia
- Monitoring
8
Q
What is the “Triad of Anaesthesia”?
A
- Analgesia
- Hypnosis
- Relaxation
Note - different drugs do different jobs so there is a large amount of flexibility
9
Q
In the Triad of Anaesthesia, what acts as Analgesia?
A
- Opiates
- Local Anaesthetic Agents
- General Anaesthetic Agents (Ketamine only)
10
Q
In the Triad of Anaesthesia, what acts as Hypnosis?
A
- General Anaesthetic Agents
2. Opiates
11
Q
In the Triad of Anaesthesia, what acts as Relaxants?
A
- Muscle Relaxants
- Local Anaesthetic Agents
- General Anaesthetic Agents
12
Q
What is the problems with:
- Polypharmacy?
- Muscle Relaxation?
- Separation of Relaxion and Hypnosis?
A
- Change of Drug Reactions
- Requirement for Artificial Ventilation
- Awareness
13
Q
How do General Anaesthetics work?
A
- Interfere with Neuronal Ion Channels - Hyperpolarise Neurons
- a) Inhalation Agents dissolve in Membranes
- b) I.V. agents allosteric binding on GABA Receptors
