1.3 Flashcards
What is an element
Only 1 type of atom
Compounds
More than 1 type or atom bonded together
Mixtures
More than 1 type of element/compound not bonded
Where is a proton found
In the nucleus
Where is a neutron found
Nucleus
Where is an electron found
Orbiting the nucleus
Charge of proton
+1
Charge of neutron
0
Charge of electron
-1
Mass of proton
1
Mass of neutron
1
Mass of electron
Almost 0
Atoms contain the same number of what?
Protons and electrons
What is a molecule
Created when 2 or more atoms are bonded together
Ion
Charged
Because it is an atom that has gained/lost an electron
Atomic number=
No.of protons
Equals no of electrons
Mass number
Number of protons + number of neutrons
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Mass no - atomic no
Atmosphere
A mixture of gases with different boiling points that can be fractionally distilled to provide new materials for industrial processes
What is helium used for
Balloons
Argon use
Filament lamp/ electrical discharge tubes
Nitrogen use
Ammonia-fertilisers
^ used directly or to make another product
How are useful materials removed from the ground?
By mining or quarrying
Examples of substances used straight from ground
4
Marble
Gold
Sulphur
Limestone
How is rock salt separated?
Filtration and evaporation
Salt= soluable
Rock is not
Use of rock salt
Flavouring food
How is crude oil separated?
Fractional distillation
Different sized hydrocarbons will boil at different temps
Use of crude oil
Fuels,plastics
How are metals more reactive than carbon e.g aluminium extracted by their ores?
Electrolysis of molten compounds.
The use of large amounts of energy in the extraction of these metals makes them expensive
Metals less reactive than carbon are extracted from their ores…
Using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agents
Lead and iron may be made from what? By what?
From their oxides by reduction
Extraction of lead
Carbon/carbon monoxide
2PbO+C—>2Pb+CO2
And Pb+CO2
Extraction of iron
Iron oxide Fe2O3
And coke (carbon) are heated.
The coke burns to produce carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide reacts with the carbon monoxide C+CO2+2CO
When heated,iron oxides reacts with carbon monoxide to produce iron.
Iron oxide is reduced and carbon monoxide is oxidised
Fe2O3 + 3CO —-> 2Fe + 3CO2
examples of materials obtained from earth
4
metals
metal ores
fossil fuels
limestone
what is ammonia used for making?
fertilisers
what is phytomining used to do
extract metal from contaminated land
what is reduction?
the removal of oxygen
why can the substances in crude oil be separated by fractional distillation?
they have different boiling points
crude oil- fractional distillation
- It is evaporated and its vapours allowed to condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
- Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.
as you go up fractionating column, the hydrocarbons have…
lower boil
lower viscosity
what happens to boiling point of hydrocarbons as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases?
increases
increases
what does the furnace do?
boils the crude oil
