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AQA Science Unit 1 > 1.3 > Flashcards

1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element

A

Only 1 type of atom

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2
Q

Compounds

A

More than 1 type or atom bonded together

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3
Q

Mixtures

A

More than 1 type of element/compound not bonded

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4
Q

Where is a proton found

A

In the nucleus

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5
Q

Where is a neutron found

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Where is an electron found

A

Orbiting the nucleus

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7
Q

Charge of proton

A

+1

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8
Q

Charge of neutron

A

0

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9
Q

Charge of electron

A

-1

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10
Q

Mass of proton

A

1

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11
Q

Mass of neutron

A

1

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12
Q

Mass of electron

A

Almost 0

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13
Q

Atoms contain the same number of what?

A

Protons and electrons

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14
Q

What is a molecule

A

Created when 2 or more atoms are bonded together

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15
Q

Ion

A

Charged

Because it is an atom that has gained/lost an electron

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16
Q

Atomic number=

A

No.of protons

Equals no of electrons

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17
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

18
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass no - atomic no

19
Q

Atmosphere

A

A mixture of gases with different boiling points that can be fractionally distilled to provide new materials for industrial processes

20
Q

What is helium used for

A

Balloons

21
Q

Argon use

A

Filament lamp/ electrical discharge tubes

22
Q

Nitrogen use

A

Ammonia-fertilisers

^ used directly or to make another product

23
Q

How are useful materials removed from the ground?

A

By mining or quarrying

24
Q

Examples of substances used straight from ground

4

A

Marble
Gold
Sulphur
Limestone

25
Q

How is rock salt separated?

A

Filtration and evaporation
Salt= soluable
Rock is not

26
Q

Use of rock salt

A

Flavouring food

27
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A

Fractional distillation

Different sized hydrocarbons will boil at different temps

28
Q

Use of crude oil

A

Fuels,plastics

29
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon e.g aluminium extracted by their ores?

A

Electrolysis of molten compounds.

The use of large amounts of energy in the extraction of these metals makes them expensive

30
Q

Metals less reactive than carbon are extracted from their ores…

A

Using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agents

31
Q

Lead and iron may be made from what? By what?

A

From their oxides by reduction

32
Q

Extraction of lead

A

Carbon/carbon monoxide
2PbO+C—>2Pb+CO2
And Pb+CO2

33
Q

Extraction of iron

A

Iron oxide Fe2O3
And coke (carbon) are heated.
The coke burns to produce carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide reacts with the carbon monoxide C+CO2+2CO
When heated,iron oxides reacts with carbon monoxide to produce iron.
Iron oxide is reduced and carbon monoxide is oxidised
Fe2O3 + 3CO —-> 2Fe + 3CO2

34
Q

examples of materials obtained from earth

4

A

metals
metal ores
fossil fuels
limestone

35
Q

what is ammonia used for making?

A

fertilisers

36
Q

what is phytomining used to do

A

extract metal from contaminated land

37
Q

what is reduction?

A

the removal of oxygen

38
Q

why can the substances in crude oil be separated by fractional distillation?

A

they have different boiling points

39
Q

crude oil- fractional distillation

A
  • It is evaporated and its vapours allowed to condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
  • Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.
40
Q

as you go up fractionating column, the hydrocarbons have…

A

lower boil

lower viscosity

41
Q

what happens to boiling point of hydrocarbons as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases?

A

increases

increases

42
Q

what does the furnace do?

A

boils the crude oil

AQA Science Unit 1 (9 decks)

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