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Cell Biology > 1.3 > Flashcards

1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a model organism?

A

A model organism is a species used in scientific research to understand biological processes and systems.

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2
Q

Why are model organisms important in research?

A

Model organisms provide insights into fundamental biological processes that are conserved across species.

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of an ideal model organism?

A

Characteristics include easy to manipulate genetically, short generation time, and well-understood genetics.

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4
Q

What is an example of a model organism commonly used in genetics research?

A

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a common model organism used in genetics research.

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5
Q

How can model organisms help in drug development?

A

Model organisms can be used to study disease mechanisms and test potential drug candidates before clinical trials.

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6
Q

What is a transgenic organism?

A

A transgenic organism is an organism that has had foreign DNA introduced into its genome.

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7
Q

What is a knockout mouse?

A

A knockout mouse is a genetically modified mouse in which a specific gene has been inactivated or ‘knocked out.’

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8
Q

What is CRISPR-Cas9?

A

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing tool that allows for precise modification of DNA sequences in living organisms.

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9
Q

What is RNA interference (RNAi)?

A

RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation.

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10
Q

How can RNA interference be used in research?

A

RNA interference can be used to study gene function by silencing specific genes in model organisms.

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11
Q

What is a gene knockout?

A

A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism’s genes is made inoperative.

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12
Q

What is a reporter gene?

A

A reporter gene is a gene that is used to study gene expression by producing a visible or measurable product.

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13
Q

What is a green fluorescent protein (GFP)?

A

Green fluorescent protein is a protein that emits green light when exposed to blue or ultraviolet light.

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14
Q

What is a conditional knockout mouse?

A

A conditional knockout mouse is a genetically modified mouse in which a gene can be selectively inactivated at a specific time or in a specific tissue.

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15
Q

What is a knock-in mouse?

A

A knock-in mouse is a genetically modified mouse in which a gene is inserted into a specific genomic locus.

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16
Q

What is a Cre-lox system?

A

The Cre-lox system is a genetic recombination system used to manipulate gene expression in model organisms.

17
Q

What is a zebrafish and why is it used as a model organism?

A

The zebrafish is a small tropical fish used as a model organism due to its transparent embryos and rapid development.

18
Q

What are stem cells and why are they important in research?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types, making them valuable for studying development and disease.

19
Q

What is a knockout rat and how is it different from a knockout mouse?

A

A knockout rat is a genetically modified rat in which a specific gene has been inactivated. Rats are larger and more complex than mice, making them useful for certain types of research.

20
Q

What is a gene trap and how is it used in research?

A

A gene trap is a genetic method used to identify genes and study their function by randomly inserting a gene trap vector into the genome.

21
Q

What is a dominant negative mutation and how can it be used in research?

A

A dominant negative mutation is a mutation that produces an altered gene product that acts antagonistically to the normal gene product. They can be used to study gene function.

22
Q

What is a conditional knockout mouse and how is it different from a conventional knockout mouse?

A

A conditional knockout mouse allows for tissue-specific or inducible gene inactivation, while a conventional knockout mouse has the gene inactivated in all cells at all times.

23
Q

What is a transgenic mouse and how is it different from a knockout mouse?

A

A transgenic mouse has foreign DNA inserted into its genome, while a knockout mouse has a specific gene inactivated.

24
Q

What is a Cre recombinase and how is it used in genetic engineering?

A

Cre recombinase is an enzyme used to catalyze DNA recombination events, such as excising or integrating specific DNA sequences.

25
Q

What is a conditional knockout and how is it different from a conventional knockout?

A

A conditional knockout allows for gene inactivation in specific tissues or at specific times, while a conventional knockout inactivates the gene in all cells.

26
Q

What is a conditional knock-in mouse and how is it used in research?

A

A conditional knock-in mouse is a genetically modified mouse in which a gene is inserted at a specific genomic locus under control of inducible elements, allowing for spatiotemporal control of gene expression.

27
Q

What is a transgenic animal and how is it different from a knockout animal?

A

A transgenic animal has foreign DNA inserted into its genome, while a knockout animal has a specific gene inactivated.

28
Q

What is a gene trap and how is it used in research?

A

A gene trap is a genetic technique used to identify and study genes by randomly inserting a gene trap vector into the genome.

29
Q

What is a Cre-lox system and how is it used in genetic engineering?

A

The Cre-lox system is a genetic recombination system used to manipulate gene expression in model organisms by inducing gene knockout or knock-in events.

30
Q

The process where cell is duplicated ad creates 2 daughter cells is called

A

Mitosis

31
Q

——cell has the most potential for differentiation

A

Embryonic cell

32
Q

—— cell lines are derived from a tumor

A

Cancer

33
Q

In vivo

A

Within the living room

34
Q

In vitro

A

In the glass

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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