1.1 Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

What is the basic structural unit of life?

A

The cell

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2
Q

True or False: All living organisms are composed of cells.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the term for cells having different functions in an organism?

A

Cell diversity

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Cell diversity is essential for ________ in multicellular organisms.

A

specialization

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5
Q

What are the two main types of cells in the human body?

A

Somatic cells and germ cells

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6
Q

Which type of cell is responsible for transmitting genetic information to offspring?

A

Germ cells

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7
Q

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions?

A

Cell differentiation

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8
Q

True or False: Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the term for the ability of stem cells to divide and produce more stem cells or differentiate into specialized cells?

A

Self-renewal

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Stem cells are found in ________ tissues.

A

adult

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11
Q

Which type of stem cell is found in embryos and can differentiate into any cell type?

A

Embryonic stem cells

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12
Q

What is the term for the process by which cells change in response to their environment?

A

Cell plasticity

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13
Q

True or False: Cell plasticity allows cells to adapt to different conditions and perform different functions.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the term for the ability of cells to change their fate and become a different cell type?

A

Transdifferentiation

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Cell diversity is important for maintaining ________ in tissues and organs.

A

homeostasis

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16
Q

Which type of cells are responsible for repairing damaged tissues in the body?

17
Q

What is the term for the process by which stem cells migrate to damaged tissues and differentiate into the required cell types?

18
Q

True or False: Stem cells have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine to treat various diseases.

19
Q

What is the term for the process by which cells become cancerous and grow uncontrollably?

A

Tumorigenesis

20
Q

Fill in the blank: Tumorigenesis results from ________ in the normal cell cycle control mechanisms.

21
Q

Which type of cells have the ability to divide indefinitely and are often associated with cancer?

A

Cancer stem cells

22
Q

What is the term for the study of the structure and function of cells?

23
Q

True or False: All cells in an organism have the same genetic information.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: Cells can differ in their gene expression patterns due to variations in ________.

A

environmental signals

25
Which type of cells are responsible for producing antibodies in the immune system?
B cells
26
What is the term for the process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles or dead cells?
Phagocytosis
27
True or False: Cells communicate with each other through chemical signals.
True
28
Fill in the blank: Cell diversity allows for ________ interactions between cells.
specific
29
Which type of cells are responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system?
Neurons
30
What makes cell different
Size shape, chemical requirements, cell function.
31
What do cells have in common?
Same sort f molecules, membrane, organelles, genetic material, proteins and ribozymes
32
What is the first cell?
Phospholipid
33
What is the earliest pathway for mechanism of atp generation?
Hydrolysis and fermentation C6H12O6-C3H6O3. Generates 2 ATP. Glucose - lactic acid
34
Second pathway for atp mechanism
Photosynthesis - sunlight- Glucose 6CO2+H2O-C6H12O+6O2
35
Lastatp mechanism
Oxidative metabolism C6H12016+6CO2- 6H20+6CO2 Enervates 38 atp
36
ATO IS?
RNA building nucleotide
37
How many nucleotides are needed
8
38
Nucleotides are composed of
Nitrogen’s base, phosphate group, and Penrose sugar
39
What are the. Main tissues in animals
Epithelial connective, nervous and muscle