1.3-1.6

Question 1

what is the definition of the octet rule

Answer 1

when forming a compound an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons in its outer shell to achieve eight in its outershell

Question 2

what is the definition of Ionic bonding

Answer 2

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer

Question 3

what is the structure of ionic bonding

Answer 3

giant ionic lattice

Question 4

we say that ionic bonds are what

Answer 4

non-directional

Question 5

what is the definition of metallic bonding

Answer 5

metallic bonding is the attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons in a lattice

Question 6

what is the definition of delocalised electrons

Answer 6

delocalised electrons are outer shell electrons that do not have fixed positions but move freely

Question 7

what is the structure of metallic bonding

Answer 7

giant metallic lattice

Question 8

covalent bonding definition

Answer 8

A covalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 9

lone pair definition

Answer 9

A lone pair is a pair of unshared electrons in the outer shell of an atom

Question 10

coordinate covalent definition

Answer 10

A coordinate covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two atoms with both electrons shared by one of the two atoms.

Question 11

2 compounds that have giant covalent lattices

Answer 11

Diamond and graphite

Question 12

Diamond bonding description

Answer 12

each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 others in a tetrahedral arrangement

Question 13

Graphite bonding description

Answer 13

each carbon is covalently bonded to 3 others forming layers arranged in hexagons. Between separate layers there are weak v.d.w. Each carbon therefore has 1 electron not involved in bonding which are free to move and carry charge.

Question 14

VSEPR expanded

Answer 14

valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

Question 15

2 bonding

Answer 15

180
linear
symmetrical

Question 16

3 bonding

Answer 16

120
trigonal planar
symmetrical

Question 17

4 bonding

Answer 17

109.5
tetrahedral
symmetrical

Question 18

5 bonding

Answer 18

120, 90, 180
trigonal bipyramidal
symmetrical

Question 19

6 bonding

Answer 19

90, 180
octahedral
symmetrical

Question 20

3 bonding 1 lone

Answer 20

107
Pyrammidal
unsymmetrical

Question 21

2 bonding 2 lone

Answer 21

104.5
bent
unsymmetrical

Question 22

3 bonding 2 lone

Answer 22

80
T-shaped
unsymmetrical

Question 23

4 bonding 2 lone

Answer 23

90
square planar
symmetrical

Question 24

2 bonding 3 lone

Answer 24

180
linear
symmetrical

Question 25

definition of electronegativity

Answer 25

electronegativity is the extent to which an atom attracts the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond to itself

Question 26

electronegativity across periods and down groups

Answer 26

increase across decrease down

Question 27

if electrons are equally shared it is......

Answer 27

non polar

Question 28

However if 2 different number of electrons it is

Answer 28

polar

Question 29

The most electronegative element is

Answer 29

fluorine

Question 30

definition of a polar bond

Answer 30

A polar bond is a covalent bond in which there is an unequal sharing of the bonding electrons

Question 31

what is the definition of a hydrogen bond

Answer 31

A hydrogen bond is the attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom on one molecule and a neighbouring hydrogen on a neighbouring molecule in which the hydrogen is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom.

Question 32

what are the elements which can form a hydrogen bond

Answer 32

N, O, F

Question 33

what is the definition of permanent dipole-permanent dipole attractions

Answer 33

attractions between the positive end of the dipole one one molecule and the negative end of the permanent dipole of a neighbouring molecule.

Question 34

definition of VDW

Answer 34

attractions between the instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules