1.1 formulae, equations

Question 1

Ammonium cation

Answer 1

NH4 +

Question 2

Nitrate anion

Answer 2

NO3 -

Question 3

Nitrite anion

Answer 3

NO2 -

Question 4

Carbonate anion

Answer 4

CO3 2-

Question 5

chlorate anion

Answer 5

ClO3 -

Question 6

Hydroxide anion

Answer 6

OH -

Question 7

Hydrogencarbonate anion

Answer 7

HCO3 -

Question 8

Hypochlorite anion

Answer 8

ClO -

Question 9

Sulfite anion

Answer 9

SO3 2-

Question 10

Sulfate anion

Answer 10

SO4 2-

Question 11

Thiosulfate anion

Answer 11

S2O3 2-

Question 12

Hydrogensulfate anion

Answer 12

HSO4 -

Question 13

Phosphate anion

Answer 13

PO4 3-

Question 14

Dichromate anion

Answer 14

Cr2O7 2-

Question 15

Chromate anion

Answer 15

CrO4 2-

Question 16

Permanganate anion

Answer 16

MnO4 -

Question 17

acid + base =

Answer 17

salt and water

Question 18

acid + alkali =

Answer 18

salt and water

Question 19

acid + carbonate =

Answer 19

salt and water and carbon dioxide

Question 20

acid + metal =

Answer 20

salt and hydrogen

Question 21

Metal + oxygen =

Answer 21

Metal oxide

Question 22

difference between ionic and normal equations

Answer 22

charges have to be balance on both sides aswell

Question 23

which type of ion do you discard in ionic equations

Answer 23

spectator ions

Question 24

solubility rules in order

Answer 24

All nitrates are soluble
All group 1 salts and ammonium salts are soluble
All chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble except Ag and Pb salts
All carbonates, oxides and hydroxides are insoluble except barium hydroxide and group 1 salts
All hydrogen carbonates are soluble
All sulfates are soluble except Ag, Pb and Ba
All sulfides are insoluble except all group 2 sulfides
Ca(OH)2 is sparingly soluble

Question 25

Definition of Avogadros number

Answer 25

Avogadros number is the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 isotope

Question 26

definition of a mole

Answer 26

A mole is the amount of substance which contains the Avogadros number of atoms, molecules or group of ions

Question 27

definition of RAM

Answer 27

The Relative Atomic Mass of an element is the average (weighted mean) mass of one atom of an element relative to one-twelth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 28

definition of molar mass

Answer 28

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Its units are g mole -1

Question 29

calculation for moles

Answer 29

moles = mass/molar mass

Question 30

calculation of particles

Answer 30

number of particles = moles x Avogadro’s constant

Question 31

what is Avogadros constant

Answer 31

6.02 x 10^23

Question 32

How to calculate reacting masses in 3 steps

Answer 32

1. convert any masses given in the question into moles
2. Use the balanced ration equation to work out moles of unknown species
3. Convert moles back to mass

Question 33

how to tell which is the limiting

Answer 33

which has the lower moles once worked out

Question 34

what is the water of crystalisation

Answer 34

water of crystalisation is water chemically bonded within a crystal sctructure

Question 35

what is a hydrated salt

Answer 35

one which contains the water of crystalisation

Question 36

What happens when you heat a hydrated salt

Answer 36

an anhydrous salt is formed

Question 37

steps to calculate degree of hydration

Answer 37

1. work out moles of water and moles of anhydrous substance
2. divide smallest moles into both to work out ratio
3. ratio should be formed relate those back to original equation