1.3 Flashcards
what are the four main types of chemical reactions that biological molecules undergo
neutralization, oxidation-reduction, condensation, and hydrolysis reactions.
acid can be defined as?
a substance that produces hydrogen ions,
H+, when it dissolves in water. thus, acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in
an aqueous solution.
A base can be defined as
a substance that produces hydroxide ions,
OH−, when it dissolves in water, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions. a base can also be thought of as a substance that accepts or reacts with
hydrogen ions.
pH scale
a numerical
scale ranging from
0 to 14 that is used
to classify aqueous
solutions as acidic,
basic, or neutral
neutralization
reaction
a chemical
reaction between
an acid and a base,
producing water and
a salt
buffers
substances that resist
changes in pH by releasing hydrogen ions when a liquid is too basic and taking up hydrogen
ions when a liquid is too acidic.
If blood becomes too basic
carbon dioxide and water react to to produce carbonic acid,
which dissociates into hydrogen carbonate and hydrogen ions and increases the acidity of the
blood.
oxidation
a process
involving the loss of
electrons
reduction
a process
involving the gain of
electrons
what is A common type of redox reaction
a combustion reaction and cellular
respiration
redox reaction
a
chemical reaction that
involves the transfer
of electrons from one
substance to another;
also called oxidationreduction reaction
condensation
reaction
a chemical
reaction that results
in the formation of a
covalent bond between
two molecules with the
production of a water
molecule
hydrolysis reaction
a
chemical reaction that
results in cleavage of
a covalent bond with
the addition of a water
molecule
