1.2 lipids Flashcards
why are lipids hydrophobic
lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but lipids
have fewer oxygen atoms and a significantly greater proportion of carbon and hydrogen
bonds. As a result, lipids are hydrophobic
lipid
a biological
macromolecule
composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms, with a high
proportion of non-polar
carbon–hydrogen
bonds
why are lipids efficient energy source
the presence of many energy-rich C–H bonds makes lipids efficient energy-storage
molecules.
why are lipid energy less accessible to cells
Because lipids store energy in hydrocarbon chains
how are Lipids crucial to life in many ways
lipids insulate against heat loss,
they form a protective cushion around major organs, and they are a major component of
cell membranes. In non-human organisms, lipids provide water-repelling coatings for fur,
feathers, and leaves.
triglyceride
a lipid
molecule composed of
a glycerol molecule and
three fatty acids linked
by ester bonds
fatty acid
a
hydrocarbon chain
ending in a carboxyl
group
how is there a ester linkage in triglyceride
the bond between the hydroxyl group on a glycerol molecule and the
carboxyl group on a fatty acid is called an ester linkage, because it results in the formation
of an ester functional group.
what are two types of fatty acids
saturated or unsaturated
saturated fatty acids
saturated fatty
acid has no double bonds between carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acid has one
or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Triglycerides containing unsaturated fatty acids, such as —————-are generally
liquid oils at room temperature.
olive oil or canola oil
phospholipid
a lipid
composed of a glycerol
molecule bonded to
two fatty acids and a
phosphate group with
an R group
Triglycerides containing
saturated fatty acids, such as ———are solid at room temperature.
lard and butter
A diet high in saturated fat is linked with
heart disease
lipid bilayer
a
structure with
hydrophilic “heads” of
phospholipids directed
toward the aqueous
environment and
hydrophobic “tails”
directed toward the
centre, interacting with
each other
how is the dual character of a phospholipid essential to its function in living organisms
In
aqueous environments, phospholipids form a lipid bilayer. In a
phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous solution on either side of the
bilayer. !e tails form a hydrophobic interior.
steroid
a lipid
composed of four
attached carbon-based
rings
what is testosterone
regulates sexual function and aids in building bone and muscle mass
what is estrogen
regulates sexual function in females, and acts to increase the storage of fat
wax
lipids composed
of long carbon-based
chains that are solids at
room temperature
what is the function of waxes in plants
In plants, waxes coat
the surfaces of leaves, preventing water and solutes from escaping and helping to repel
insects.
what is the function of waxes in animals (especificaly on one animal)
Waxes are present on the skin, fur, and feathers of many animal species and on the
exoskeletons of insects. in wales the head of the animal is filled with wax organ. Whales can generate sound from this
organ, which can be used for sonar to locate prey
functions of lipids(prob easier to remember SHIPS)
Storage and source of energy, Hormonal roles, Insulation, Protection, Structural components
