1.3

Question 1

LAN

Answer 1

Local Area Network
-restricted to a small geographical area
-centralised management
-can be wired with ethernet cables or wireless

Question 2

WAN

Answer 2

Wide Area Network
-connects LANs that are in different locations
-The internet is a WAN
WANs can be connected with fibre or copper telephone lines, satellite or radio links

Question 3

Network Preformance

Answer 3

-Megabits
-wired is faster, more secure and reliable.
-wireless depends on signal quality, range from the devices and interference from objects

Question 4

Bandwidth

Answer 4

Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transferred in a given time (e.g. 32 mbps)

Question 5

Client-server Network

Answer 5

-The server: a powerful computer which provides services of resources required by its clients
-The client: a computer that requests the service or resource from the server
-Pros: easy to backup files, easy to keep track, reliable server, server is always on
-Cons: expensive, server dependant

Question 6

Peer-to-Peer Network

Answer 6

-All devices are equal
-They store their own data
-When data is shared a copy id made on another device
-Pros: easy to maintain, not server dependant
-Cons: no central management, devices slow down when sharing data, lose track of up to date files

Question 7

Router

Answer 7

Connects a LAN to the internet
-router transmits data between networks, they direct data (in units of packets) to their destination
-Has IP address for LAN

Question 8

Switch

Answer 8

Used to receive and transmit data between devices on a LAN, using their unique MAC

Question 9

NIC

Answer 9

Network Interface Controller is a piece of hardware needed to connect a device to a network
-computer have them built into a motherboard

Question 10

Transmission media

Answer 10

can carry data signals from one computer to another
-wired connections happen via Ethernet

Question 11

Twisted pair

Answer 11

copper wire twisted together in pairs ro reduce internet interference

Question 12

Coaxial

Answer 12

signal copper wire surrounded by plastic insulation and a metallic mesh to shield from outside interference

Question 13

Fire optic

Answer 13

transmits data as light; can send data over large distances; high performance but expensive

Question 14

The Internet

Answer 14

a world wide collection of computer networks

Question 15

DNS

Answer 15

Domain Name System sends what you have types into the browser to the DNS

Question 16

Hosting

Answer 16

a web hosting company hosts websites, files, and databases
-they maintain high bandwidth connections, perform backups and keep the server online 24 hours a day

Question 17

The cloud

Answer 17

online
-used for a file server accessible via the internet
-owned by a third party
pros: reach, flexibility and speed, cost, disaster recovery
cons: internet connectivity, risk of data breach, security

Question 18

Web servers and clients

Answer 18

when a client requests something online through a webpage, this goes via the web server, which stores web pages
-this sends a request to the file server to give the client access to files or program

Question 19

network topologies

Answer 19

bus, ring, star, mesh

Question 20

encryption

Answer 20

process of encoding data so it cannot be easily understood if it is disconnected, stoled or intercepted
-Keywords: plaintext, ciphertext, encryption

Question 21

IP addressing

Answer 21

Internet Protocol
-IPv4 uses 8 bit fields
-IPv6 is 128 bits long
-every device has a unique IP address

Question 22

MAC address

Answer 22

media access control is a unique hexadecimal ID number assigned to every NIC during manufacture
-MAC addresses are only used within the LAN

Question 23

Standards

Answer 23

an agreed set of requirements for hardware and software
-allows products and programs to be compatible with those of different manufacturers

Question 24

Protocols

Answer 24

set of rules that defines how devices communicate

Question 25

TCP

Answer 25

transmission control protocol
-standard that defines how messages are broken into packets and reassembles at their destination
-detects errors and resends lost data

Question 26

IP

Answer 26

identifies the location of the device to the internet and routes the individual packets from a source to destinations cia routers

Question 27

HTTPS

Answer 27

hyper text transfer protocol
-used for accessing and retrieving webpages in the form of HTML (hyper text markup language)

Question 28

FTP

Answer 28

file transfer protocol
-The standard network protocol used when transferring computer files between client and server

Question 29

POP3

Answer 29

Post office protocol
-held until they are delivered, then removed from the system
-send emails are stored locally, not on an email server

Question 30

IMAP

Answer 30

Internet message access protocol
-stores email on server, devices sync with server
-can check emails from multiple devices
-send emails stored on a server

Question 31

SMPT

Answer 31

simple mail transfer protocol
-a protocol used for sending email messages between servers using the internet

Question 32

Layers

Answer 32

-self contained (do not need to know what happens in other layers)
-only passes a layer adjacent to it

Question 33

Application layer

Answer 33

encodes data being sent using HTTP or FTP

Question 34

Transport layer

Answer 34

splits data into packets and adds packet info

Question 35

Internet layer

Answer 35

attaches IP address of sender and recipient

Question 36

Link layer

Answer 36

attaches MAC address of sender and recipient, allowing data to fo specific device on LAN