13&14 - Metals

Question 1

What are the physical properties of metals?

Answer 1

1. High Density
2. High melting and boiling point
3. Good conductors of heat and electricity
4. Ductile
5. Malleable

Question 2

What are the chemical properties of metals?

Answer 2

Form basic oxides
Form positive ions

Question 3

What are alloys?

Answer 3

Alloys are either two or more metals. or metal and nonmetals which have been made molten and then mixed together.

Question 4

Why are alloys made?

Answer 4

Allows are made because they have preferable qualities over pure metals.

Question 5

Brass, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses

Answer 5

Copper and zinc
Strong and resistant to corrosion
Electrical fittings and car radiators

Question 6

Bronze, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses

Answer 6

Copper and tin
Hard, strong, and sonorous
Statues, spring, coins

Question 7

Stainless Steel, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses

Answer 7

Iron, chromium, Nickel
Does not rust
Kitchen sinks and cutlery

Question 8

Why does aluminum seem unreactive?

Answer 8

Aluminium forms a layer of oxide which protects it

Question 9

State the reactivity series

Answer 9

Please = Potassium
Send = Sodium
Cats = Calcium
Monkeys = Magnesium
And = Aluminium
Cute = Carbon
Zebras = Zinc
Into = Iron
Hot = Hydrogen
* Lead
Countries = Copper
Signed = Silver
Gordon = Gold

Question 10

Why do metals displace each other and how does it work?

Answer 10

More reactive metals will displace less reactive metals to compete for their oxides or their anions.

The bigger the difference in reactivity, the faster the reaction

Question 11

State the thermal decomposition for group 1 for carbonate, nitrate, and hydroxide

Answer 11

• Except for Lithium
  1. Carbonate = Does not decompose
  2. Hydroxide = Does not decompose
  3. Nitrate = Metal Nitrite + Oxygen

Question 12

State the thermal decomposition for group 2, lithium, and transition metals for carbonate, nitrate, and hydroxide

Answer 12

Except for Lithium
1. Carbonate = Metal Oxide + co2
2. Hydroxide = Metal Oxide + h2o
3. Nitrate = Metal Oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

Question 13

How to extract iron from hematite (Fe2o3)

Answer 13

• use a blast furnace that is covered with a steel case

1. Add the 3 main things = Coke (almost pure carbon), limestone (calcium carbonate), and hematite (Fe2o3)
2. In the bottom of the blast furnace
   C + O2 -> CO2
3. In the middle of the blast furnace
   CO2 + C -> 2CO
4. At the top of the blast furnace
   Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2
5. CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
   CaO + SiO2(impurities from hematite)-> CaSiO3

Question 14

How much percent of carbon is mild carbon steel?

Answer 14

0.25% carbon

Question 15

How much percent of carbon is medium carbon steel?

Answer 15

0.5% carbon

Question 16

How much percent of carbon is high carbon steel?

Answer 16

1.5% carbon

Question 17

How to stop iron from rusting?

Answer 17

1. Sacrificial Protection = Iron is teamed up with a more reactive metal which is instead oxidized instead of iron.
2. Galvanizing = Iron is coated with zinc to keep air and moisture away.

Question 18

What is aluminum used for?

Answer 18

Airplanes and cars = Low density, strong, resistant to corrosion
Cans = Resistant to Corrosion, malleable
Overhead Cables = Good conductors of electricity

Question 19

What is zinc used for?

Answer 19

Alloys
Galvanizing iron
Sacrificial Protection

Question 20

What is copper used for?

Answer 20

Electrical wiring = Good conductor of electricity
Cooking utensils = Malleable, good conductor of electricity