12.6 part 1

Question 1

Require energy for:

Answer 1

muscle contractibility
maintaining body temperature
active transport

Question 2

ATP is made in the…

Answer 2

light-dependent stage of photosynthesis and is used to make carbohydrates in the light-independent stage

Question 3

ATP that is need for energy-requiring processes in the cell are produced in…

Answer 3

cellular respiration

Question 4

Respiration is…

Answer 4

a series of reactions in which energy is transferred from inorganic compounds, carbohydrates, to the temporary energy store, ATP

Question 5

Respiration occurs in the…

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

4 stages of respiration:

Answer 6

1) Glycolysis
2) Link reaction
3) Krebs cycle
4) Electron transport chain

Question 7

glycolysis occurs in:

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

link reaction and krebs cycle occurs in:

Answer 8

matrix of mitochondria

Question 9

electron transfer chain occurs:

Answer 9

inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 10

Coenzymes are:

Answer 10

complex inorganic molecules used by enzymes to accept or donate molecules involved in a reaction
Often referred to as ‘helper’ molecules as they carry chemical groups or ions about

Question 11

Glycolysis known as…

Answer 11

carbohydrate splitting

Question 12

Glycolysis is anaerobic and has 2 stages:

Answer 12

1) Phosphorylation

2) Oxidation

Question 13

G- During phosphorylation:

Answer 13

Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 ATP molecules
Glucose is split due to hydrolysis
2 molecules of triose phosphate are created and 2 ATP molecules are used

Question 14

G- During oxidation:

Answer 14

4 ATP are produced, (2 used at start) so net gain of 2 ATP
Coenzyme NAD+ collects the hydrogen ions forming a reduced NAD+
The triose phosphate is oxidised (loses hydrogen) forming 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon compound)

Question 15

End products of glycolysis are:

Answer 15

2 reduced NAD
2 pyruvate
2 ATP

Question 16

If oxygen is present - 3 carbon pyruvate passes into mitochondria where it is completely oxidised forming CO2 and H2O. If no oxygen is present then 3C pyruvate becomes:

Answer 16

lactate

Question 17

The LR links glycolysis to the …

Answer 17

krebs cycle

Question 18

LR -one carbon atom is formed from pyruvate in the form of:

Answer 18

CO2

Question 19

LR-The remaining 2-carbon molecule combines with coenzyme A to produce:

Answer 19

acetyl coenzyme A

Question 20

LR-Another oxidation reaction occurs when:

Answer 20

NAD+ collects more hydrogen ions - this forms reduced NAD

Question 21

LR- no ATP..

Answer 21

is produced in this reaction

Question 22

LR- for each glucose molecule used in glycolysis:

Answer 22

2 pyruvate molecules are made

Question 23

LR - but the link reaction uses only the pyruvate molecule, so the link link reaction and the krebs cycle happen…

Answer 23

twice for every glucose molecule, which goes through glycolysis

Question 24

overall equation for one LR and KC =

Answer 24

pyruvate + NAD + CoA -> acetyl CoA + reduced NAD + CO2

Question 25

Products of LR are:

Answer 25

for each glucose molecule:

• 2 acetyl coenzyme A (goes to krebs cycle)
• 2 carbon dioxide (released as a waste product)
• 2 reduced NAD (go to electron transport chain)