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A2 Chapter 12 > 12.3 > Flashcards

12.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Plants take in co2 during the process of photosynthesis and produce…

A

organic compounds, e.g. sugars

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2
Q

A chloroplast is

A

the organelle inside plants cells where photosynthesis occurs

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3
Q

Chloroplasts have a

A

inner and outer membrane

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4
Q

Inside chloroplasts are

A

thylakoid membranes arranged in stacks which contain pigments, including chlorphyll

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5
Q

Thylakoid membranes are called…

A

grana

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6
Q

Grana are surrounded by a watery fluid that contains enzymes called…

A

stroma

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7
Q

what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?

A

light-dependent

light-independent

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8
Q

Where does the light-dependent stage occur?

A

the grana of the chloroplast

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9
Q

LD- light is absorbed by what molecule?

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

LD - the energy in the light is used to ‘excite’ an electron in the chlorophyll, which gains energy and passes to a protein in the thylakoid membrane called a…

A

electron acceptor

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11
Q

LD - electron passed through the electron transfer chain where it loses energy that is used to make…

A

ATP

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12
Q

LD - the energy is also used in the photosynthesis of water split into …

A

oxygen and hydrogen

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13
Q

3 products of the LD stage are:

A

ATP
NADH
Oxygen

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14
Q

The electron, protons and energy from the light-dependent reactions are used to make

A

NADPH

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15
Q

The ATP and NADPH from the LD reactions enter the…

A

LI reactions

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16
Q

LI reactions occur in the …

A

stroma of the chloroplast

17
Q

LI stage is where carbohydrates are produced, in the form of

A

sugars

18
Q

LI - carbon dioxide binds to a five carbon sugar receptor molecule to form 2 molecules of a three-carbon molecule…

A

GP

19
Q

LI- GP is then used to make …

A

simple sugars

20
Q

LI- the process of making simple sugars from GP require hydrogen from…

A

reduced NADP and energy from ATP

21
Q

LI - occurs at night for only a few seconds du to…

A

limited amounts of ATP and supply of NADPH2+

22
Q

LI - energy from ATP and electrons from NAPH+ are used to …

A

reduce carbon dioxide and build it to sugars

23
Q

LI (occurs in the calvin cycle) carbon fixation is the conversion of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to…

A

organic compounds by living organisms

24
Q

LI - the carbohydrates are in a form of …

A

RuBP

25
Q

LI - RuBP with the addition of carbon dioxide splits into 2 molecules of…

A

Glyceraldehyde phosphate (GP)

26
Q

LI - for GP to be turned to carbohydrates it requires..

A

ATP and NAPH2

27
Q

LI - the NADPH2 give up its electrons, which enter the GP molecules making…

A

G3P

28
Q

LI - G3P is converted to a whole series of mostly…

A

sugars, some lipids and some proteins

Some G3P is regenerated back to RuBP if sufficient amounts of NADPH2 and ATP are provided

A2 Chapter 12 (8 decks)

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