12.3 Flashcards
Plants take in co2 during the process of photosynthesis and produce…
organic compounds, e.g. sugars
A chloroplast is
the organelle inside plants cells where photosynthesis occurs
Chloroplasts have a
inner and outer membrane
Inside chloroplasts are
thylakoid membranes arranged in stacks which contain pigments, including chlorphyll
Thylakoid membranes are called…
grana
Grana are surrounded by a watery fluid that contains enzymes called…
stroma
what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
light-dependent
light-independent
Where does the light-dependent stage occur?
the grana of the chloroplast
LD- light is absorbed by what molecule?
chlorophyll
LD - the energy in the light is used to ‘excite’ an electron in the chlorophyll, which gains energy and passes to a protein in the thylakoid membrane called a…
electron acceptor
LD - electron passed through the electron transfer chain where it loses energy that is used to make…
ATP
LD - the energy is also used in the photosynthesis of water split into …
oxygen and hydrogen
3 products of the LD stage are:
ATP
NADH
Oxygen
The electron, protons and energy from the light-dependent reactions are used to make
NADPH
The ATP and NADPH from the LD reactions enter the…
LI reactions
LI reactions occur in the …
stroma of the chloroplast
LI stage is where carbohydrates are produced, in the form of
sugars
LI - carbon dioxide binds to a five carbon sugar receptor molecule to form 2 molecules of a three-carbon molecule…
GP
LI- GP is then used to make …
simple sugars
LI- the process of making simple sugars from GP require hydrogen from…
reduced NADP and energy from ATP
LI - occurs at night for only a few seconds du to…
limited amounts of ATP and supply of NADPH2+
LI - energy from ATP and electrons from NAPH+ are used to …
reduce carbon dioxide and build it to sugars
LI (occurs in the calvin cycle) carbon fixation is the conversion of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to…
organic compounds by living organisms
LI - the carbohydrates are in a form of …
RuBP
LI - RuBP with the addition of carbon dioxide splits into 2 molecules of…
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (GP)
LI - for GP to be turned to carbohydrates it requires..
ATP and NAPH2
LI - the NADPH2 give up its electrons, which enter the GP molecules making…
G3P
LI - G3P is converted to a whole series of mostly…
sugars, some lipids and some proteins
Some G3P is regenerated back to RuBP if sufficient amounts of NADPH2 and ATP are provided
