126-250 Flashcards
1
Q
What is skeletal muscle?
A
Striated and voluntary
2
Q
What is cardiac muscles.
A
Striated and involuntary
3
Q
What is smooth muscle?
A
Regulated autonomic division of nervous system
4
Q
What are the functions of muscle tissue?
A
Body movement, produces hear, me flow of materials
5
Q
What is the ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials?
A
Electrical excitability/ property muscle tissues
6
Q
The ability of a muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is called…
A
Extensibility
7
Q
A muscle fiber (myofiber) is a muscle…
A
Cell
8
Q
What is the superficial fascia and what does it do?
A
Route for lymphatic muscle
9
Q
What is deep fascia?
A
Holds muscle with similar functions together
10
Q
The outermost extension of deep connective tissu that surrounds a muscles is the…
A
Epimusium
11
Q
What is the sarcoplasma?
A
Glycogen
12
Q
What is muscular atrophy?
A
Decrease of muscle mass
13
Q
What are myofibrils?
A
Proteins, actin, and miosin
14
Q
Place the events of a contraction cycle in the order in which they occur…
A
ATP, cross pitch, and power strok
15
Q
What is a neuromuscular junctions?
A
Sanaps with muscle fibers
16
Q
What contributes to the muscle fatigue?
A
Frequent heated contraction and lactic acid
17
Q
Why is oxygen debt (recovery oxygen uptake)?
A
Amount oxygen recuperate form exercise
18
Q
Intramuscular injections are usually given where?
A
Butt, thigh, and deltoid
19
Q
What is RICE therapy?
A
Rest, ice, compress, and elevate
20
Q
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
A
All
21
Q
What is true of a synapse?
A
Site of 2 neurons and an effector meet
22
Q
What is grey matter?
A
Neuron cell bodies/ neuroglia and unmyelinated nerve fiber
23
Q
What are graded potentials?
A
Arise ion movement causes minor change
24
Q
What are action potentials?
A
Allow impulse to travel over long or short distances
25
Place the events involved in generating an action potential in the predecessor in which they occur...
6, 2, 4, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7
26
Some governments execute convicts using lethal injections that contain high concentrations of KCI. At the cellular level, how does the high concentration of KCI kill the convict?
Excess K+ disrupts gradient and preventing neurons
27
Axons classified as A fibers have what?
All
28
An instructor helps a student clean up the pieces of a broken beaker. As they search for glass fragments under the lab bench, the instructor inhales sharply and say, "I just found a piece if glass with my knee." How could the instructor determine that her knee was in contact with broken glass rather than with the floor?
Broken glass/ more action
29
What so electrical synapse do?
All
30
What is a chemical synapse?
Per synaptic neuron converts electrical signal into chemical signal
31
Two neurotransmitters, epinephrine and serotonin, are known to be important in regulation of mood. Inadequate stimulation of postsynaptic neurons by these neurotransmitters results in depression. Which medication is most likely to increase availability of one of these neurotransmitters and be helpful in treating depression?
All
32
Why's is summation?
Integration of input to a neuron
33
What is acetylcholine?
All
34
What is norepinephrine?
All
35
Place the meninges and associated spaces in order form most superficial to deepest...
4, 5, 6, 3, 1, 2
36
A tumor is growing in the left later a, horns of several segments of a patients spinal cord. How might these tutors affect the patient?
Simple difficulty regulating cardiac and smooth muscle contractions
37
Which spinal nerves to directly to the tissues they supply rather than forming a plexus?
T2- T12
38
How does the spinal cord function in maintaining homeostasis?
All
39
A 3 year old fell out of a second story window. The paramedics on the scene note that the child is areflexic below T1, with slow heart rate, flaccid skeletal muscle paralysis, and loss of somatic sensation. The child displays signs of...
Spinal shock
40
What signs would be displayed by a patient suffering form a hemisection of the spinal cord that damaged her right posterior column and lateral corticospinal tract but not her spinothslamic tract at L2?
Loss of propriception and skeletal muscle
41
What sounds injury patient had the best prognosis?
Compression due to herniated disc at L4
42
What is the post polio syndrome?
Doesn't occur with in months of initial infection
43
What is the brain?
Center of both motor and emotion
44
Which blood vessels supply the brain with blood?
Vertebral and internal cartons arteries
45
What is the brain blood barrier?
Lipid soluble substance, such as O2, CO2, and many a esthetics
46
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
Provides some mechanical protection of brain
47
What does the brain stem include?
All except diencephalon
48
What is the medulla oblongata?
All
49
What is the pons?
Contains apneuetic and pheumotaxic
50
What makes up the midbrain?
All except nuclei of cranial nerves V&VI
51
What is the reticular formation?
Sensory axons that help maintain consciousness
52
What is the cerebellum?
Located posterior to brain stem and inferior to cerebrum
53
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
All
54
What are special sense receptors?
Specialized structures found at specific locations in the head and are parts of neutral pathways that are more complex than those of general senses
55
What are smell?
Is a chemical sense
56
What taste sensation arises form ion entering specific channels in the plasma membranes of gustatory receptors?
Salty and sour
57
If there are only five primary tastes why can humans identify thousands of flavors?
All
58
What is the fibrous tunic of the eye?
Consists of the anterior cornea and the posterior sclera
59
Hyper extension is sometimes called the "silent killer" because patients may be a symptomatic until significant damage to tissue has occurred. Wy might an optometrist be the first person to detect that a patient has hyperextension?
During an eye exam, they may see changes in retinal blood vessels
60
What are rods?
Able to function in lowlight functions and allow grey scale
| vision but not color vision
61
What are cones?
Allows color vision
62
The area if highest visual acuity is the...
Central fovea
63
What does the lens do?
Focuses light on to the retina
64
What is the aqueous humor?
Nourishes the cornea the cornea and the lens
65
A patient had a stroke that damaged her facial nerve. In addition to changes in the ability to make facial expressions, which I'd the following might be observed by the patient?
Increase sensitivity to sound
66
What does the auditory tube do?
All
67
What does the inner ear do?
Consists the boney and membranous labyrinth and includes the semicircle canals, vestibule and cochlea
68
What is the function of the ossicles?
They transfer vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window
69
A 4 year old who wants to be a gymnast is assisted on the balance beam and instructed just to stand on it for a minute. Which parts of the child's ear will primarily be involved in helping her stay in the beam?
The maculae
70
A gymnast competing in the floor excessive must do a rapidity executed series of flips and twist, at the end of those movements they gymnast mist land upright within the boundaries of tumbling mat and remain motionless for a few seconds. Which parts of the gymnasts ears allow him to successfully complete the floor excerice?
Utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals.
71
What are examples of a general somatic sense?
Touch of a feather, warmth of fire, pain of skinned knee
72
Place the following in which they occur
1. Integration
2. Receptor stimulation
3. Impulse generation
4. Stimulus transduction
Receptor stimulation, stimulus transduction, impulse generation, and integration
2, 4, 3, 1
73
Why do you seem to see with your eyes?
Impulses from retinal sensory neurons are interpreted by primary sensory area
74
A sensory receptor may be classified by...
All
75
What is adaption?
Decreases amplitude of generator potential with continuous stimulation
76
What is touch?
Sensation result of cutaneous and subcutaneous tackle receptors
77
What is true of thermal sensations?
Are conveyed to CNS via class C fibers
78
What are nonciceptors?
Free nerve endings, detect pain, respond to intense or excessive chemical mechanical stimuli
79
Katie was in a terrible automobile accident that cut her face, broke her ribs and tore her diaphragm. Which kind of pain did she experience at the time of her accident?
Fast somatic and visceral
80
What are proprioceptors?
Muscle spindles, tender organs and kinesthetic receptors and allow detecting head and body position
81
Theophylline is widely used to treat asthma. Parents of asthmatic children are relieved when their child can breathe again but are sometimes annoyed by of theophylline's common side effect. Which of the following explains the problem?
Bins to A1 receptors difficult to sleep
82
A classmate tells you which chapter to be read for the next class meeting and begins to walk away. Which type of memory will you use to remember the information and write it in your notebook before your class mate is out of sight?
Immediate memory
83
Some medications interfere with the normal functions of the amygdala or the hippocampus. What might be a side effect of such a medication?
Inability to form short term memories
84
A person is suffering from a closed head injury remembers events form this week very clearly, but cannot recognize the faces of people she knew before the injury occurred. Which part of her is most likely affected by the injury?
Occipital cerebral cortex
85
What is Parkinson's disease?
Progress neuron disorder
86
A disorder cause by hypoxia during birth and resulting in loss of muscle control is...
Cerebral palsy
87
What includes vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell?
Special senses
88
What does the thalamus do?
All except gives precise location information for sensation of pain and touch
89
What does the hypothalamus control?
Integrates autonomic nervous system activity and regulates appetite and thirst
90
What is one of the main function of the cerebrum?
"Thinking part" of the brain
91
A cerebrovascular accident specifically damaged a patients ability to transfer information from a gurus in one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding gurus in the other hemisphere. Which type if tract was damaged by the CVA?
Commissural
92
What is limbic system and what does it do?
All
93
Chronic use of marijuana results in damage to the hippocampus. Which behavior of "pot heads" could be attributed to this damage?
Lack of short term memory
94
A six year old is at the edge of the outfield watching jets take off instead of paying attention to the softball game, softball strikes him in the back of the hear with considerable force. Which association area is most likely to be damaged in this accident?
Visual
95
What is hemispheric lateralization?
All
96
Ten year old Matt Zibowski struggles at school..... He can see the words but some of the letters t, l, and i are hard to distinguish from each other. What is probably wrong with his eyes?
Astigmatism and myopia
97
What are transverse tubules?
Tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cells and filled with interstitial fluid
98
How does the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle tissues function?
Stores Ca2+ ions required for muscle contraction
99
How does the nervous system function in sensory activities?
Sensory: detects changes in environment
100
What is the central nervous system?
Includes the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors and is the source of thoughts and emotions
101
What is the peripheral nervous system?
May be divided in somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous system
102
What is the somatic nervous system?
Provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal muscles
103
What are neurons?
All
104
Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are
Multipolar
105
What are neuroglia?
All
106
What are atrocities?
Form the blood brain barrier
107
What do sensation cause and make is aware of?
Brain stem and thalamus respond different to sensation
108
What parts of the nervous system must receive sensory impulses in order to be consciously aware of or to be able to remember the taste of chocolate?
Spinal cord, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebral cortex
109
What sensations are consciously perceived?
Taste, touch, sound, smell, and sight
110
How many sensory modalities does an individual sensory neuron carry?
One
111
What are examples of special senses?
Sight, taste, smell,hear, and equilibrium
112
What is the basal ganglia?
Neutral circuit, initiating and terminating movements, regulated muscle tone, suppresses unwanted movement
113
What occurs during sleep?
Increases sympathetic activity
114
What are plasticity?
Ability to make persistent structural required form memory
