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1-125 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary studies of anatomy?

A

Body structures and relationship among them

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2
Q

What are primary studies of physiology?

A

Body function and how the body works

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3
Q

What is the relationship between structure and function?

A

Structure of body part allow performance of certain function

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4
Q

What are the levels of organization in increasing order of complexity?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organismal

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5
Q

What defines a cell?

A

Basic structure and functions units an organism

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6
Q

The two body systems that regulate homeostasis are the….

A

Nervous and endocrine system

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, and growth

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8
Q

The sum if all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as?

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains…

A

Stable condition of life and is chemically balanced

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10
Q

What is the body’s “internal environment” when discussing homeostasis?

A

Glucose level kept within 70-110 mg.

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11
Q

What are the signs of infection?

A

Symptoms and signs of enlarged liver

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12
Q

Diagnosis of disease usually involves what?

A

Medical history, physical exam, and lab test

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13
Q

Axillary refers to?

A

Armpit

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14
Q

Popliteal refers to?

A

Kneecap

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15
Q

Cephalic refers to?

A

Head

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the spine and the lungs?

A

Medial and posterior

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17
Q

What is located in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs

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18
Q

A physician suspects a patient may have a thyroid tumor. Which of the following radioisotopes will help the physician confirm the initial diagnosis?

A

Iodine

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19
Q

The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body is called…

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

What is chemical energy a form of?

A

Potential energy

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21
Q

The kinetic energy needed to break the chemical, bond in reactant molecules is called…

A

Activation energy

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22
Q

What influences the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Concentration temperature and presents/ reactant for catalyst

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23
Q

The function of a catalyst is to…

A

Speed up chemical reaction lowering activation energy

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24
Q

A common buffer found in extra cellular fluid is…

A

Carbon ion

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25
Specific arrangements of atoms that cause organic molecules to have particular chemical properties are called...
Functional groups
26
An example of polysaccharide stored in human is...
Glycogen
27
Glycerol is the backbone molecule for...
Triglyceride
28
A fatty acid with only single covalent bonds is said to be...
Saturated fats
29
Enzymes and antibodies are examples of...
Proteins
30
The barrier between a cell and its environment is the...
Plasma membrane
31
Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion because...
Movement if water down to gradient
32
Intercellular structures which have specific shapes and functions are called...
Organelles
33
The subunits of a ribosome are produced in the..
Nucleolus
34
With cell organelle is the site of fatty acid, phospholipid and steroid synthesis?
Smooth ER
35
The Golgi complex is most extensive in cells that...
Secrete protein
36
Recycling of worn out organelles is accomplished by autophagy, which is carried out by...
Lysosomes
37
Powerhouse of the cell, most important site of ATP production is found in...
Mitochondria
38
The complex of DNA that are associated with protein and some RNA is called...
Chromatin
39
The genetic information is coded in DNA by...
Sequence
40
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to a the "factory" site for protein formation is the...
Transfer RNA
41
The process of transcription involves production of...
mRNA
42
What are the phases if the cell cycle in the correct sequence?
G1> S> G2> Mitosis> Cytokinesis
43
How do tumor suppressor genes function?
Cell division
44
Which tissue forms coverings, linings, and glands?
Epithelial
45
Which of the primary tissue types detects and responds to changes in the environment in order to maintain homeostasis?
Nervous
46
The type of cell junction that prevents the contents of the stomach or urinary bladder form leaking into surrounding tissues is the...
Tight junction
47
A pathologist examines a thin slice of tissue with a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together... Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. which primary tissue type foes the pathologist see?
Epithelial
48
The function of the basement membrane is to...
Provide point of attachment
49
What is a Papanicoleau smear?
Collection and microscopic examination of epithelial cells scraped off apical layer of a tissue
50
What is the primary function or glandular epithelia?
Secretion
51
Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support for organs?
Adipose
52
Tendons and ligaments must withstand tension along the axis of their fibers. These structures are composed of...
Dense regular
53
What is cartilage composed of?
Water
54
The connective tissue that store Ca2+ and supports the body is...
Bone
55
The connective tissue that had a liquid matrix is...
Blood
56
Flat sheets of flexible tissue found covering or lining large portions of the body are...
Areolar
57
The space between the parietal and visceral layers of a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the environment normally contains...
Serous layer
58
The process that replaces damaged or dead cells is...
Tissue repair
59
What makes up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium
60
Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the...
Epidermis
61
The function of keratin is to...
Make skin tough and waterproof
62
Arrange the layers of the epidermis consists of 25-30 layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes?
Stratum corneum
63
What is involved in skin grafts?
All
64
The average length of time for a cell to be produced by the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off is about how long?
One month
65
What is psoriasis?
Keratinocytes reproduce too quickly
66
What does the dermis contain?
Fibroblast, macrophages, and few adipocytes
67
What is unique about fingerprints?
Maintain constant pattern throughout life
68
What is a benign, localized overgrowth of melanocytes that usually appears during childhood or adolescence?
A nevus
69
A patient with liver disease has elevated level of bilirubin in his blood. How may the presence of bilirubin affect his skin color?
Jaundiced
70
An obstetrician has just delivered a baby boy and is concerned because he is cyanotic. which of the following statements explain the term cyanotic and why the doctor is concerned?
A&C
71
What is tattooing?
Injects ink particles into dermis
72
What is body piercing and what problems can result?
All
73
What is true of hair growth?
Hair loss in adults is about 100 hairs a day
74
Sebum...
Sebaceous glands attached to hair follicles
75
Acne...
Inflammation of sebaceous glands
76
Where are apocrine sudoriferous glands found?
Axillae, inguinal areas, areolae, and bearded region of face
77
Ceruminous glands?
Earwax
78
How does skin contribute to regulation of body temperature?
Releases perspiration and alter blood flow to dermis
79
Place the phase requires for deep wound healing in the order in which they occur...
2, 4, 3, 1
80
What is true about burns?
Greater threat to life and large losses of fluid
81
The components of the skeletal system are the...
Bones and cartilage associated with bones
82
What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood?
Bones make red blood cells/ hemopoietc....makes blood cells
83
What is found at the ends of long bones?
Endosteum
84
Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing gone matrix lost die to an injury?
Osteoblasts
85
What is compact bone?
Arranged in units called osteons
86
Whichever structures allow communications between blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum and endosteum?
Perforating canals
87
How are osteons aligned in compact bone?
Along lines of physical stress on a long bone
88
What is spongy bone?
House red bone marrow
89
Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of a long bone?
Nutrient arteries and veins
90
What is the relationship of nerves and bones?
Nerves follow blood vessels that supply bone
91
What is required for proper bone growth?
All
92
Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth at the epiphyte all plate in both men and women as they end adolescence?
Estrogen
93
What is true of bone remodeling?
Activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
94
Place the events of the fracture repair in the order in which they occur...
Fracture, fibrocartilaginous, bony, and bone
95
Why is the regulation of Ca2+ so critical to homeostasis?
Proper neuron function/ cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction
96
Which hormone is most important in regulating the movement of Ca2+ between the blood and the bones?
Parathyroid hormone
97
Why are bones important?
Protect soft tissue/ serve anatomical landmarks
98
How may bones are in the adult skelton?
206 named bones
99
Which bone types are typically found in ligaments or tendons?
Seas lid
100
What kind of joints are synovial joints?
Diarthrosis
101
What is synovial fluid?
Lubes joints, absorbs shock, and brings nutrients
102
How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis?
Generating heat/ moving and pulling
103
What is the primary function of muscle?
Conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy

Anatomy Final (2 decks)

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