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Anatomy Final > 1-125 > Flashcards

1-125 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary studies of anatomy?

A

Body structures and relationship among them

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2
Q

What are primary studies of physiology?

A

Body function and how the body works

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3
Q

What is the relationship between structure and function?

A

Structure of body part allow performance of certain function

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4
Q

What are the levels of organization in increasing order of complexity?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organismal

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5
Q

What defines a cell?

A

Basic structure and functions units an organism

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6
Q

The two body systems that regulate homeostasis are the….

A

Nervous and endocrine system

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, and growth

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8
Q

The sum if all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as?

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains…

A

Stable condition of life and is chemically balanced

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10
Q

What is the body’s “internal environment” when discussing homeostasis?

A

Glucose level kept within 70-110 mg.

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11
Q

What are the signs of infection?

A

Symptoms and signs of enlarged liver

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12
Q

Diagnosis of disease usually involves what?

A

Medical history, physical exam, and lab test

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13
Q

Axillary refers to?

A

Armpit

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14
Q

Popliteal refers to?

A

Kneecap

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15
Q

Cephalic refers to?

A

Head

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the spine and the lungs?

A

Medial and posterior

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17
Q

What is located in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs

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18
Q

A physician suspects a patient may have a thyroid tumor. Which of the following radioisotopes will help the physician confirm the initial diagnosis?

A

Iodine

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19
Q

The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body is called…

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

What is chemical energy a form of?

A

Potential energy

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21
Q

The kinetic energy needed to break the chemical, bond in reactant molecules is called…

A

Activation energy

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22
Q

What influences the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Concentration temperature and presents/ reactant for catalyst

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23
Q

The function of a catalyst is to…

A

Speed up chemical reaction lowering activation energy

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24
Q

A common buffer found in extra cellular fluid is…

A

Carbon ion

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25
Q

Specific arrangements of atoms that cause organic molecules to have particular chemical properties are called…

A

Functional groups

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26
Q

An example of polysaccharide stored in human is…

A

Glycogen

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27
Q

Glycerol is the backbone molecule for…

A

Triglyceride

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28
Q

A fatty acid with only single covalent bonds is said to be…

A

Saturated fats

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29
Q

Enzymes and antibodies are examples of…

A

Proteins

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30
Q

The barrier between a cell and its environment is the…

A

Plasma membrane

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31
Q

Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion because…

A

Movement if water down to gradient

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32
Q

Intercellular structures which have specific shapes and functions are called…

A

Organelles

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33
Q

The subunits of a ribosome are produced in the..

A

Nucleolus

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34
Q

With cell organelle is the site of fatty acid, phospholipid and steroid synthesis?

A

Smooth ER

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35
Q

The Golgi complex is most extensive in cells that…

A

Secrete protein

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36
Q

Recycling of worn out organelles is accomplished by autophagy, which is carried out by…

A

Lysosomes

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37
Q

Powerhouse of the cell, most important site of ATP production is found in…

A

Mitochondria

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38
Q

The complex of DNA that are associated with protein and some RNA is called…

A

Chromatin

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39
Q

The genetic information is coded in DNA by…

A

Sequence

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40
Q

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to a the “factory” site for protein formation is the…

A

Transfer RNA

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41
Q

The process of transcription involves production of…

A

mRNA

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42
Q

What are the phases if the cell cycle in the correct sequence?

A

G1> S> G2> Mitosis> Cytokinesis

43
Q

How do tumor suppressor genes function?

A

Cell division

44
Q

Which tissue forms coverings, linings, and glands?

A

Epithelial

45
Q

Which of the primary tissue types detects and responds to changes in the environment in order to maintain homeostasis?

A

Nervous

46
Q

The type of cell junction that prevents the contents of the stomach or urinary bladder form leaking into surrounding tissues is the…

A

Tight junction

47
Q

A pathologist examines a thin slice of tissue with a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together… Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. which primary tissue type foes the pathologist see?

A

Epithelial

48
Q

The function of the basement membrane is to…

A

Provide point of attachment

49
Q

What is a Papanicoleau smear?

A

Collection and microscopic examination of epithelial cells scraped off apical layer of a tissue

50
Q

What is the primary function or glandular epithelia?

A

Secretion

51
Q

Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support for organs?

A

Adipose

52
Q

Tendons and ligaments must withstand tension along the axis of their fibers. These structures are composed of…

A

Dense regular

53
Q

What is cartilage composed of?

A

Water

54
Q

The connective tissue that store Ca2+ and supports the body is…

A

Bone

55
Q

The connective tissue that had a liquid matrix is…

A

Blood

56
Q

Flat sheets of flexible tissue found covering or lining large portions of the body are…

A

Areolar

57
Q

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the environment normally contains…

A

Serous layer

58
Q

The process that replaces damaged or dead cells is…

A

Tissue repair

59
Q

What makes up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the…

A

Epidermis

61
Q

The function of keratin is to…

A

Make skin tough and waterproof

62
Q

Arrange the layers of the epidermis consists of 25-30 layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes?

A

Stratum corneum

63
Q

What is involved in skin grafts?

A

All

64
Q

The average length of time for a cell to be produced by the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off is about how long?

A

One month

65
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Keratinocytes reproduce too quickly

66
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Fibroblast, macrophages, and few adipocytes

67
Q

What is unique about fingerprints?

A

Maintain constant pattern throughout life

68
Q

What is a benign, localized overgrowth of melanocytes that usually appears during childhood or adolescence?

A

A nevus

69
Q

A patient with liver disease has elevated level of bilirubin in his blood. How may the presence of bilirubin affect his skin color?

A

Jaundiced

70
Q

An obstetrician has just delivered a baby boy and is concerned because he is cyanotic. which of the following statements explain the term cyanotic and why the doctor is concerned?

A

A&C

71
Q

What is tattooing?

A

Injects ink particles into dermis

72
Q

What is body piercing and what problems can result?

A

All

73
Q

What is true of hair growth?

A

Hair loss in adults is about 100 hairs a day

74
Q

Sebum…

A

Sebaceous glands attached to hair follicles

75
Q

Acne…

A

Inflammation of sebaceous glands

76
Q

Where are apocrine sudoriferous glands found?

A

Axillae, inguinal areas, areolae, and bearded region of face

77
Q

Ceruminous glands?

A

Earwax

78
Q

How does skin contribute to regulation of body temperature?

A

Releases perspiration and alter blood flow to dermis

79
Q

Place the phase requires for deep wound healing in the order in which they occur…

A

2, 4, 3, 1

80
Q

What is true about burns?

A

Greater threat to life and large losses of fluid

81
Q

The components of the skeletal system are the…

A

Bones and cartilage associated with bones

82
Q

What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood?

A

Bones make red blood cells/ hemopoietc….makes blood cells

83
Q

What is found at the ends of long bones?

A

Endosteum

84
Q

Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing gone matrix lost die to an injury?

A

Osteoblasts

85
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Arranged in units called osteons

86
Q

Whichever structures allow communications between blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum and endosteum?

A

Perforating canals

87
Q

How are osteons aligned in compact bone?

A

Along lines of physical stress on a long bone

88
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

House red bone marrow

89
Q

Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of a long bone?

A

Nutrient arteries and veins

90
Q

What is the relationship of nerves and bones?

A

Nerves follow blood vessels that supply bone

91
Q

What is required for proper bone growth?

A

All

92
Q

Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth at the epiphyte all plate in both men and women as they end adolescence?

A

Estrogen

93
Q

What is true of bone remodeling?

A

Activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

94
Q

Place the events of the fracture repair in the order in which they occur…

A

Fracture, fibrocartilaginous, bony, and bone

95
Q

Why is the regulation of Ca2+ so critical to homeostasis?

A

Proper neuron function/ cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction

96
Q

Which hormone is most important in regulating the movement of Ca2+ between the blood and the bones?

A

Parathyroid hormone

97
Q

Why are bones important?

A

Protect soft tissue/ serve anatomical landmarks

98
Q

How may bones are in the adult skelton?

A

206 named bones

99
Q

Which bone types are typically found in ligaments or tendons?

A

Seas lid

100
Q

What kind of joints are synovial joints?

A

Diarthrosis

101
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Lubes joints, absorbs shock, and brings nutrients

102
Q

How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis?

A

Generating heat/ moving and pulling

103
Q

What is the primary function of muscle?

A

Conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy

Anatomy Final (2 decks)

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