1-125 Flashcards
What are the primary studies of anatomy?
Body structures and relationship among them
What are primary studies of physiology?
Body function and how the body works
What is the relationship between structure and function?
Structure of body part allow performance of certain function
What are the levels of organization in increasing order of complexity?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organismal
What defines a cell?
Basic structure and functions units an organism
The two body systems that regulate homeostasis are the….
Nervous and endocrine system
What are the characteristics of life?
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, and growth
The sum if all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as?
Metabolism
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains…
Stable condition of life and is chemically balanced
What is the body’s “internal environment” when discussing homeostasis?
Glucose level kept within 70-110 mg.
What are the signs of infection?
Symptoms and signs of enlarged liver
Diagnosis of disease usually involves what?
Medical history, physical exam, and lab test
Axillary refers to?
Armpit
Popliteal refers to?
Kneecap
Cephalic refers to?
Head
What is the relationship between the spine and the lungs?
Medial and posterior
What is located in the pelvic cavity?
Bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs
A physician suspects a patient may have a thyroid tumor. Which of the following radioisotopes will help the physician confirm the initial diagnosis?
Iodine
The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body is called…
Metabolism
What is chemical energy a form of?
Potential energy
The kinetic energy needed to break the chemical, bond in reactant molecules is called…
Activation energy
What influences the rate of a chemical reaction?
Concentration temperature and presents/ reactant for catalyst
The function of a catalyst is to…
Speed up chemical reaction lowering activation energy
A common buffer found in extra cellular fluid is…
Carbon ion
Specific arrangements of atoms that cause organic molecules to have particular chemical properties are called…
Functional groups
An example of polysaccharide stored in human is…
Glycogen
Glycerol is the backbone molecule for…
Triglyceride
A fatty acid with only single covalent bonds is said to be…
Saturated fats
Enzymes and antibodies are examples of…
Proteins
The barrier between a cell and its environment is the…
Plasma membrane
Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion because…
Movement if water down to gradient
Intercellular structures which have specific shapes and functions are called…
Organelles
The subunits of a ribosome are produced in the..
Nucleolus
With cell organelle is the site of fatty acid, phospholipid and steroid synthesis?
Smooth ER
The Golgi complex is most extensive in cells that…
Secrete protein
Recycling of worn out organelles is accomplished by autophagy, which is carried out by…
Lysosomes
Powerhouse of the cell, most important site of ATP production is found in…
Mitochondria
The complex of DNA that are associated with protein and some RNA is called…
Chromatin
The genetic information is coded in DNA by…
Sequence
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to a the “factory” site for protein formation is the…
Transfer RNA
The process of transcription involves production of…
mRNA
What are the phases if the cell cycle in the correct sequence?
G1> S> G2> Mitosis> Cytokinesis
How do tumor suppressor genes function?
Cell division
Which tissue forms coverings, linings, and glands?
Epithelial
Which of the primary tissue types detects and responds to changes in the environment in order to maintain homeostasis?
Nervous
The type of cell junction that prevents the contents of the stomach or urinary bladder form leaking into surrounding tissues is the…
Tight junction
A pathologist examines a thin slice of tissue with a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together… Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. which primary tissue type foes the pathologist see?
Epithelial
The function of the basement membrane is to…
Provide point of attachment
What is a Papanicoleau smear?
Collection and microscopic examination of epithelial cells scraped off apical layer of a tissue
What is the primary function or glandular epithelia?
Secretion
Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support for organs?
Adipose
Tendons and ligaments must withstand tension along the axis of their fibers. These structures are composed of…
Dense regular
What is cartilage composed of?
Water
The connective tissue that store Ca2+ and supports the body is…
Bone
The connective tissue that had a liquid matrix is…
Blood
Flat sheets of flexible tissue found covering or lining large portions of the body are…
Areolar
The space between the parietal and visceral layers of a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the environment normally contains…
Serous layer
The process that replaces damaged or dead cells is…
Tissue repair
What makes up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the…
Epidermis
The function of keratin is to…
Make skin tough and waterproof
Arrange the layers of the epidermis consists of 25-30 layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes?
Stratum corneum
What is involved in skin grafts?
All
The average length of time for a cell to be produced by the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off is about how long?
One month
What is psoriasis?
Keratinocytes reproduce too quickly
What does the dermis contain?
Fibroblast, macrophages, and few adipocytes
What is unique about fingerprints?
Maintain constant pattern throughout life
What is a benign, localized overgrowth of melanocytes that usually appears during childhood or adolescence?
A nevus
A patient with liver disease has elevated level of bilirubin in his blood. How may the presence of bilirubin affect his skin color?
Jaundiced
An obstetrician has just delivered a baby boy and is concerned because he is cyanotic. which of the following statements explain the term cyanotic and why the doctor is concerned?
A&C
What is tattooing?
Injects ink particles into dermis
What is body piercing and what problems can result?
All
What is true of hair growth?
Hair loss in adults is about 100 hairs a day
Sebum…
Sebaceous glands attached to hair follicles
Acne…
Inflammation of sebaceous glands
Where are apocrine sudoriferous glands found?
Axillae, inguinal areas, areolae, and bearded region of face
Ceruminous glands?
Earwax
How does skin contribute to regulation of body temperature?
Releases perspiration and alter blood flow to dermis
Place the phase requires for deep wound healing in the order in which they occur…
2, 4, 3, 1
What is true about burns?
Greater threat to life and large losses of fluid
The components of the skeletal system are the…
Bones and cartilage associated with bones
What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood?
Bones make red blood cells/ hemopoietc….makes blood cells
What is found at the ends of long bones?
Endosteum
Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing gone matrix lost die to an injury?
Osteoblasts
What is compact bone?
Arranged in units called osteons
Whichever structures allow communications between blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum and endosteum?
Perforating canals
How are osteons aligned in compact bone?
Along lines of physical stress on a long bone
What is spongy bone?
House red bone marrow
Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of a long bone?
Nutrient arteries and veins
What is the relationship of nerves and bones?
Nerves follow blood vessels that supply bone
What is required for proper bone growth?
All
Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth at the epiphyte all plate in both men and women as they end adolescence?
Estrogen
What is true of bone remodeling?
Activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Place the events of the fracture repair in the order in which they occur…
Fracture, fibrocartilaginous, bony, and bone
Why is the regulation of Ca2+ so critical to homeostasis?
Proper neuron function/ cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction
Which hormone is most important in regulating the movement of Ca2+ between the blood and the bones?
Parathyroid hormone
Why are bones important?
Protect soft tissue/ serve anatomical landmarks
How may bones are in the adult skelton?
206 named bones
Which bone types are typically found in ligaments or tendons?
Seas lid
What kind of joints are synovial joints?
Diarthrosis
What is synovial fluid?
Lubes joints, absorbs shock, and brings nutrients
How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis?
Generating heat/ moving and pulling
What is the primary function of muscle?
Conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy
