1.2.5 Psychological Factors Flashcards
What is self esteem?
The REGARD that people have for THEMSELVES which can influence BEHAVIOUR AND MOOD. Positive self-esteem INCREASES CONFIDENCE and the ABILITY TO COPE WITH DIFFICULTIES.
What factors can affect the development of self-esteem?
- Attachment in childhood
- Discipline
- Ability to express individuality
What is self-concept?
The IMAGE of ourselves, who we are and what we are like, by our own understanding
What is self-concept based on?
- What we believe we are like as a person
- What we believe other people think about us
Name 7 things that may be involved in self-concept
- sporting activities (P)
- intellectual ability (I)
- fitness (P)
- physically attractive (P)
- popularity (S)
- coping with problems (E)
- comparison with others (E)
What is self awareness?
Building an IMAGE based on the KNOWLEDGE we have of ourselves and the FEEDBACK we get from others
What parts of development does self-concept affect?
Social and Emotional development
Name 4 signs of positive self-concept
- Motivation
- Confidence
- Happiness
- Positivity
Name 4 signs of negative self-concept
- Lack motivation
- Lack confidence
- Unhappy
- Afraid of failure
Name 4 benefits of positive self-concept
- Make effective social relationships
- Cope with decision making
- Develop self-confidence
- Accept new challenges
What are life experiences?
The everyday things that happen to us which collectively may affect our self-concept
Name one factor that can affect self-concept in childhood
Relationships with and examples set by friends, teachers and relatives
Name a factor that can affect self-concept in adolescence
Relationship with parents and their attitudes to ‘period of rebellion’
Name 3 life events in adulthood that may influence self-concept
- Marriage
- Starting a family
- Experience divorce
How might good relations with family establish a positive self-concept?
Support from family may be protective against stress and depression which could cause people to seek support rather than turning to drinking and smoking as solutions to life problems.
How might good relations with people establish a positive self-concept?
A trusting and honest relationship with friends, where there is good communication, means that a person can understand how their friend really sees them which may give a positive self-concept
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is determined by the genes whereas gender is the way a particular sex is supposed to behave based on society
How may gender roles affect self-concept?
People have to learn the way in which the society expects a person of their sex to behave which they may not agree with
What are cultural influences (norms)?
Cultural influences (norms) are the ways in which beliefs and expectations may differ from community to community and how that affects the way people think.
What is culture?
Shared beliefs, customs and values e.g. language, religion, music, diet or sport
Why is culture important to a person’s self concept?
It binds society together and gives people a sense of identity and belonging
What is sexual orientation?
The sexual behaviour and choice of partner of a person
Why may sexual orientation affect a homosexuals self-concept?
They may discriminated against at school or work and amongst their peers which could result in negative self-concept
How may education affect a person’s self-concept?
- Comparing ourselves to others at school
- Success or failure in school work
- New theories that are learnt at school
- Lasting friendships that continue outside of school
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Where people perform how they are expected to perform. Students who are expected to do well often do better than those who aren’t expected to do well
Why are emotional and intellectual maturity important in self-concept?
Children cannot describe their self-concept in detail as they don’t have the language development and may not really be able to express how they feel. Adolescents and adults can do so better as they have reached emotional and intellectual maturity
