1.2.5 Psychological Factors

Question 1

What is self esteem?

Answer 1

The REGARD that people have for THEMSELVES which can influence BEHAVIOUR AND MOOD. Positive self-esteem INCREASES CONFIDENCE and the ABILITY TO COPE WITH DIFFICULTIES.

Question 2

What factors can affect the development of self-esteem?

Answer 2

• Attachment in childhood
• Discipline
• Ability to express individuality

Question 3

What is self-concept?

Answer 3

The IMAGE of ourselves, who we are and what we are like, by our own understanding

Question 4

What is self-concept based on?

Answer 4

• What we believe we are like as a person

- What we believe other people think about us

Question 5

Name 7 things that may be involved in self-concept

Answer 5

• sporting activities (P)
• intellectual ability (I)
• fitness (P)
• physically attractive (P)
• popularity (S)
• coping with problems (E)
• comparison with others (E)

Question 6

What is self awareness?

Answer 6

Building an IMAGE based on the KNOWLEDGE we have of ourselves and the FEEDBACK we get from others

Question 7

What parts of development does self-concept affect?

Answer 7

Social and Emotional development

Question 8

Name 4 signs of positive self-concept

Answer 8

• Motivation
• Confidence
• Happiness
• Positivity

Question 9

Name 4 signs of negative self-concept

Answer 9

• Lack motivation
• Lack confidence
• Unhappy
• Afraid of failure

Question 10

Name 4 benefits of positive self-concept

Answer 10

• Make effective social relationships
• Cope with decision making
• Develop self-confidence
• Accept new challenges

Question 11

What are life experiences?

Answer 11

The everyday things that happen to us which collectively may affect our self-concept

Question 12

Name one factor that can affect self-concept in childhood

Answer 12

Relationships with and examples set by friends, teachers and relatives

Question 13

Name a factor that can affect self-concept in adolescence

Answer 13

Relationship with parents and their attitudes to ‘period of rebellion’

Question 14

Name 3 life events in adulthood that may influence self-concept

Answer 14

• Marriage
• Starting a family
• Experience divorce

Question 15

How might good relations with family establish a positive self-concept?

Answer 15

Support from family may be protective against stress and depression which could cause people to seek support rather than turning to drinking and smoking as solutions to life problems.

Question 16

How might good relations with people establish a positive self-concept?

Answer 16

A trusting and honest relationship with friends, where there is good communication, means that a person can understand how their friend really sees them which may give a positive self-concept

Question 17

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Answer 17

Sex is determined by the genes whereas gender is the way a particular sex is supposed to behave based on society

Question 18

How may gender roles affect self-concept?

Answer 18

People have to learn the way in which the society expects a person of their sex to behave which they may not agree with

Question 19

What are cultural influences (norms)?

Answer 19

Cultural influences (norms) are the ways in which beliefs and expectations may differ from community to community and how that affects the way people think.

Question 20

What is culture?

Answer 20

Shared beliefs, customs and values e.g. language, religion, music, diet or sport

Question 21

Why is culture important to a person’s self concept?

Answer 21

It binds society together and gives people a sense of identity and belonging

Question 22

What is sexual orientation?

Answer 22

The sexual behaviour and choice of partner of a person

Question 23

Why may sexual orientation affect a homosexuals self-concept?

Answer 23

They may discriminated against at school or work and amongst their peers which could result in negative self-concept

Question 24

How may education affect a person’s self-concept?

Answer 24

• Comparing ourselves to others at school
• Success or failure in school work
• New theories that are learnt at school
• Lasting friendships that continue outside of school

Question 25

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 25

Where people perform how they are expected to perform. Students who are expected to do well often do better than those who aren’t expected to do well

Question 26

Why are emotional and intellectual maturity important in self-concept?

Answer 26

Children cannot describe their self-concept in detail as they don’t have the language development and may not really be able to express how they feel. Adolescents and adults can do so better as they have reached emotional and intellectual maturity