1.1.1 Infancy

Question 1

What is Human Growth?

Answer 1

An increase in a person’s physical size or mass. Eating or drinking too much and being inactive can result in weight gain. This increase is not part of the normal pattern

Question 2

What is Human Development?

Answer 2

Changes in an individual’s skills and capabilities. Developing physically, intellectually, socially and emotionally is never complete

Question 3

What is Maturation?

Answer 3

Genetically controlled changes that influence development, e.g. puberty

Question 4

What are Developmental Norms (Milestones)

Answer 4

The average set of expectations for a child’s development however it is important to remember that each child is unique

Question 5

What is Delayed Development?

Answer 5

When a baby or child does not show developments within the expected time range

Question 6

What is Holistic Development?

Answer 6

The overall development of the whole person physically, intellectually, socially and emotionally.

Question 7

What are the Life Stages?

Answer 7

Infancy: 0-2 years
Childhood: 3-8 years
Adolescence: 9-18 years
Early Adulthood: 19:45
Middle Adulthood: 46-64
Later Adulthood: 65

Question 8

What is Life Course?

Answer 8

The unique pattern of events, experiences and influences in a human’s life. Each individual is unique

Question 9

What is Life Span?

Answer 9

The length of time between birth and death. The maximum life span ever was 115 years

Question 10

What is Life Expectancy?

Answer 10

The number of years a man or woman living in a specified country can expect to live at a given point

Question 11

What is grasping reflex?

Answer 11

When you place a finger in a child’s open hand and they automatically response by grabbing the finger.
Appears at birth - 6 months

Question 12

What is rooting reflex?

Answer 12

Where the infant turns his/her head towards the side of his/her face that is being stroked and begins to make sucking motions

Question 13

What is sucking reflex?

Answer 13

When the baby makes sucking motions when an area of his/her mouth is being touched. This can usually be used to determine how hungry the baby is

Question 14

What is moro or startle reflex?

Answer 14

When the baby is picked up he/she would automatically jerk their legs to try to find a balance.
Appears at 5 months

Question 15

What is stepping reflex?

Answer 15

Babies would usually step their legs so their feet a flat surface and attempt to walk although infants cannot support their weight

Question 16

What is the babinski reflex?

Answer 16

After the babies feet or hands have been tickled the baby clenches his/her hands or feet

Question 17

What is tonic neck reflex?

Answer 17

Where the baby changes the direction of both arms and both feet. The arms go in the same direction as where the head is turning but the legs go in the opposite direction

Question 18

What are primitive reflexes?

Answer 18

Automatic responses infants have and certain reflexes remain with an individual for life

Question 19

What is Egocentric?

Answer 19

Where an infant and children are only able to see the world from their own viewpoint

Question 20

What are Gross Motor Skills?

Answer 20

Easy movements that require the large muscles in the body. They are easy because it is easier to control the bigger muscles

Question 21

What are Fine Motor Skills?

Answer 21

More difficult movements that require the smaller muscles in the body. It is more difficult to control the smaller muscles

Question 22

What is Piaget’s Sensory Motor?

Answer 22

Children, during infancy, learn through senses and trial and error methods. They develop object permanence by the end of infancy but remain egocentric

Question 23

What is attachment?

Answer 23

The process through which an infant develops feelings of trust and security

Question 24

Name the three types of attachments

Answer 24

• Indiscriminate Attachment
• Specific Attachment
• Multiple Attachment

Question 25

What is Indiscriminate Attachment?

Answer 25

Where anyone can hold the baby

This occurs at any time under 6 months old

Question 26

What is Specific Attachment?

Answer 26

The baby is usually bonded to the parents and shows fear of strangers
From 7 through to 12 months

Question 27

What is Multiple Attachment?

Answer 27

Where the baby’s attachment broadens to include close relatives
From 12 months onwards

Question 28

What is bonding?

Answer 28

The parent’s or carers responses to this emotional linking known as attanchment

Question 29

What are Social Skills?

Answer 29

The development of skills that lead to independence

Question 30

What are self-image and identity?

Answer 30

A child’s view and awareness of his/herself

Question 31

What is primary socialisation?

Answer 31

A child learning the norms of the way to live from their primary care-giver

Question 32

What is social development?

Answer 32

A child’s relationship with others