1.2.4 Types of programming language

Question 1

What is procedural programming?

Answer 1

Instructions are given in sequence.
Selection and iteration are used to control what a program does and how many times.
Contain functions and procedures.

Question 2

What is object oriented programming?

Answer 2

A programming style which consists of objects that interact with each other.
Objects have attributes and methods.

Question 3

What is assembly language?

Answer 3

Mnemonics are used to represent binary, machine code instructions.

Question 4

What is a high level language?

Answer 4

A language that is similar to our languages, making it easy for humans to understand and write in.

Must be translated to machine code.

Question 5

What is a low level language?

Answer 5

A language which uses instructions linked to the processor. It is harder for humans to use.

Question 6

What is an op code?

Answer 6

An instruction in a binary sequence.

Question 7

What is an operand?

Answer 7

Data for an instruction to act on.

Question 8

How do you add and subtract in the LMC?

Answer 8

ADD

SUB

Question 9

How do you store and load a value from the accumulator to memory and vice versa in the LMC?

Answer 9

STA - store value in memory

LDA load value from memory

Question 10

What are the three methods of branching in the little man computer?

Answer 10

BRA - branch always

BRP - branch if positive (accumulator value)

BRZ - branch if zero (accumulator value)

Question 11

How do you input and output data in the little man computer?

Answer 11

INP - input

OUT - output

Question 12

How do you define a named data location in the LMC?

Answer 12

DAT

Question 13

How do you end the LMC program?

Answer 13

HLT

Question 14

What is direct addressing?

Answer 14

The location given is the address of the data to be used.

e.g. LDA 43 – loads contents of 43

Question 15

What is indirect addressing?

Answer 15

The address given holds the address of the data to be used.

e.g. LDA 43, loads contents of address in 43

Question 16

What is indexed addressing?

Answer 16

The value given is added to the value stored in the index register to give the memory location.

e.g. if the index register is 100, LDA 43 will load the contents of 143

Question 17

What is immediate addressing?

Answer 17

The value given is not an address but the value to be used.

LDA 43, loads 43 into the accumulator.

Question 18

What is a class?

Answer 18

A template used to define an object, specifying the attributes and methods and object should have.

Question 19

What is an object?

Answer 19

An instance of a class.

Question 20

What is a method?

Answer 20

A subroutine associated with an object.

Question 21

What is a constructor?

Answer 21

A subroutine which defines how an object is created.

Question 22

What is an attribute?

Answer 22

Variables contained within and associated with an object.

Question 23

What does it mean that an attribute is private?

Answer 23

It cannot be accessed from outside of the class.

Question 24

What does it mean if a method is public?

Answer 24

It can be used by

Question 25

What is encapsulation?

Answer 25

Ensuring private attributes can only be changed through public methods. This prevents objects from being manipulated in unintended ways.

Question 26

What is inheritance?

Answer 26

The ability for a class to take on methods and attributes from a parent class.

A child class can have its own methods and attributes which override the inherited ones.

Question 27

What is polymorphism?

Answer 27

The ability for objects of different classes to be treated in the same way, depending on the properties of that object.

e.g. changing a door colour on a house to blue can be applied to every house as all houses have doors.