1.2.4 - Types of Programming Language

Question 1

State the four addressing modes.

Answer 1

Immediate Addressing.
Direct Addressing.
Indirect Addressing.
Indexed Addressing.

Question 2

In LMC, the STA mnemonic stands for _____. What is the function of this?

Answer 2

In LMC, the STA mnemonic stands for “store”.

This stores the value in the accumulator at the given memory address.

Question 3

Identify the four main programming structures used in structured programming.

Answer 3

Sequence.
Selection.
Iteration.
Recursion.

Question 4

In LMC, the BRP mnemonic stands for _____. What is the function of this?

Answer 4

In LMC, the BRP mnemonic stands for Branch if Positive.

This branch is conditional, given that the value in the accumulator is positive.

Question 5

State an advantage of procedural programming.

Answer 5

It can be applied to wide range of problems.

Procedural programming is relatively easy to write and interpret.

Question 6

What are programming paradigms?

Answer 6

Programming paradigms are different approaches to using a programming language to solve a problem.

Question 7

In LMC, the BRA mnemonic stands for _____. What is the function of this?

Answer 7

In LMC, the BRA mnemonic stands for Branch Always.

This branch is unconditional, and will always branch to the given address.

Question 8

Which two MAIN categories are programming paradigms categorised into?

Answer 8

Programming paradigms are split into either:
- Imperative
- Declarative.

Question 9

In LMC, the BRZ mnemonic stands for _____. What is the function of this?

Answer 9

In LMC, the BRZ mnemonic stands for Branch if Zero.

This branch is conditional, given that the value in the accumulator is 0.

Question 10

State one use of declarative programming.

Answer 10

Expert systems.
Knowledge-based systems.
Artificial Intelligence.

Question 11

How does assembly language differ from machine code?

Answer 11

Assembly language uses mnemonics, rather than the standard binary. One line in assembly language is equivalent to one line in machine code.

Question 12

State the function of the opcode and the operand.

Answer 12

The opcode specifies the instruction that needs to be performed. The opcode also identifies the addressing mode that needs to be used.

The operand holds the value which is related to the data, on which the instruction is to be performed.

Question 13

Give one disadvantage of object oriented languages. (OOL)

Answer 13

1. OOL require a different style of thinking which can be difficult for programmers to get used to, as they may be accustomed to other paradigms to pick up.
2. OOP may not be suited to all types of problems.
3. It isn’t logical to use OOP for small scale problems.

Question 14

What is Encapsulation?

Answer 14

Encapsulation is the process of keeping an object’s attributes private so they can only be accessed and changed via public methods

Question 15

What is Polymorphism?

Answer 15

Polymorphism means that objects of different types can be treated in the same way

Question 16

What is a programming language?

Answer 16

A programming language is a set of commands, instructions and other syntax that is used to create a software program.

Question 17

What is a low level language?

Answer 17

A language which is close to machine code. It is related closely to the design of the machine. This can be referred to as a “One to one” language.

Question 18

What is machine code?

Answer 18

A set of all possible instructions made available by the hardware design of a particular processor. Machine code is the closest to pure binary?

Question 19

Who created LMC, and when?

Answer 19

Dr. Stuart Madnick, in 1965.

(icl you probs don’t need to know this but it was on some sheet that sir gave us)

Question 20

Define a class.

Answer 20

A template defining methods and attributes used to make objects

Question 21

Define an object.

Answer 21

An instance of a class.

Question 22

Define a base class.

Answer 22

Contains the attributes and methods. It is the highest class and doesn’t inherit anything from any other class. (Think of the base class as the main class)

Question 23

What is a superclass?

Answer 23

A class that has been extended by another class. It allows the extending class to inherit it’s attributes of the class it extends.

Question 24

What is a subclass?

Answer 24

A class that extends another class. The subclass inherits the methods and attributes of the class that it extends.

Question 25

What is a derived class?

Answer 25

A derived class is any class that inherits attributes and methods from any other derived class or base class.

Question 26

Define instantiation.

Answer 26

The process of creating an actual named instance of class. The instantiated named copy of the class in an object of that class.O

Question 27

What is overriding?

Answer 27

A method in a subclass or derived class which has the same name as a method in one or more of it’s superclass’s. The method supersedes all other versions of the other method above it in the inheritance tree. (Mark Scheme Answer [2 Marks]))

Question 28

What is a method?

Answer 28

A program routine contained within an object designed to perform a particular task on the data within the object. A method could be a procedure, or a function.

Question 29

State the definition of an attribute.

Answer 29

A single bit of data within a record.

Question 30

Define encapsulation.

Answer 30

All of the objects attributes are contained and hidden in the object, and access to them is restricted to the operations of that class.

Question 31

Define polymorphism.

Answer 31

A specialised form of overloading which allows us to create very general object structures, which can be used with a wide range of data types.