1.2.4-11 System Design + Analysis

Question 1

What is a Stakeholder?

Answer 1

Someone (or some people) that have an interest or concern in an organisation.

Question 2

Name 3 internal stakeholders

Answer 2

Employees, Manager, Owners

Question 3

Name 5 external stakeholders

Answer 3

Suppliers, Society, Government, Creditors, Shareholders, Customers.

Question 4

What is a Creditor?

Answer 4

a person or company whom money is owing

Question 5

What is a Shareholder?

Answer 5

someone who owns at least one share of the company.

Question 6

What must a new system consider when identifying a stakeholder?

Answer 6

Who will be affected
Who will the new system affect
Who will the end users be
What are their needs

Question 7

What must all systems be designed under.

Answer 7

Utilitarianism philosophy.

Question 8

How does one find out what a client wants?

Answer 8

• Surveys
• Interviews
• Collection documents
• Direct observation

Question 8

What is Utilitarianism?

Answer 8

for the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 9

What are the pros of surveys?

Answer 9

• Large amount of data can be gathered.
• Takes little time to analyse (if done electronically)
• simple

Question 10

What are the cons of surveys

Answer 10

• it is hard to ask the correct question
• information can be limited or biased.
• quality of response is not ensured.

Question 11

What are collection documents?

Answer 11

Looking into documents currently in use in the system to find out how system works.

Question 11

What are the pros of collection documents?

Answer 11

• Detailed information about the present system can be gathered.
• It can be seen where old system had problems.

Question 12

What are the cons of collection documents?

Answer 12

• Time consuming.
• Inputs/outputs and forms may be confusing.

Question 13

What are the pros of interviews?

Answer 13

• Allows detailed information.
• People can be asked what they don’t like about the system.

Question 14

What are the cons of interviews?

Answer 14

Takes a long time.

Question 15

What are the pros of observation?

Answer 15

Great at gathering first hand unbiased information.

Question 16

What are the cons of observation?

Answer 16

Often people won’t work as they would normally do when being observed.

Question 16

What are the four steps of designing a new system?

Answer 16

Determine stakeholders
Obtain requirements
Gather information for new system
Start designing/building a new system

Question 17

What needs to be done to gather sufficient information about new systems?

Answer 17

• Examining current systems.
• Looking at competiting products
• organisational capabilities.
• Literature searches.

Question 18

When looking at current systems what is important to consider?

Answer 18

What is currently being done.

Who does what and what do they want, think about five components of a computer system.

Question 19

When looking at an organisation what is important to consider?

Answer 19

Can they afford a new system?

Can the staff use the new system, do they need training?

Can they have any ‘downtime’ to upgrade?

Question 20

When looking at a competition what is important to consider?

Answer 20

Have a look at what competitors are doing, get an idea of what is being done at the moment.

Question 21

When looking at literature what is important to do?

Answer 21

Have a look online and in books for what else might be out there.

Question 22

What is a prototype?

Answer 22

They are abstract representations of the system. Focussing on one or two key aspects.

Question 23

Why is a prototype important?

Answer 23

Important in testing, as they can test the system before implementing it, demonstrating it to the client.

Question 24

Why must a company use a prototype?

Answer 24

Fail early and inexpensively
Gather more accurate requirements
Technical understanding
Resolve conflicts
Rally financial support
File patents more

Question 25

What are the six steps in developing a prototype?

Answer 25

Design
Build Prototype
User tests prototype
Feedback provided
Refine Prototype
x repeat test and feedback
Final product

Question 26

What is an iteration?

Answer 26

The act of repeating.

Question 27

What is iteration in code?

Answer 27

in code senses, like an iteration loop, e.g. for or while.

Question 28

What is iteration in real life?

Answer 28

Or in a procedural sense, like keep trying until reaches a result, them repetitive testing etc.

Question 29

What are the consequences in not involving the end user in the system?

Answer 29

• User may be unsatisfied with the system.
• System may be unsuited for user’s problem, affecting productivity.

Question 30

What is modularity?

Answer 30

Software modularity is measured by how well software is decomposed into smaller pieces with standardized interfaces

Question 31

4 Methods of authentication

Answer 31

Encryption = encode data with only certain people who have access to the key.
Authentication = Requiring certain things, or information to access.
Physical security Measures = behind a locked door or pass door.
Restrict access to data = only allow certain individuals to access it at certain times, on certain devices.

Question 32

What is the top square of the UML diagram?

Answer 32

Class Name

Question 33

What is the middle square of the UML diagram?

Answer 33

Varibales

Question 34

What is the bottom square of the UML diagram?

Answer 34

Functions

Question 35

How do you write a variable in a UML diagram?

Answer 35

+ stringName: str

Question 36

How do you write a function in a UML diagram?

Answer 36

+ stringFunction()

+stringBooleanFunction() : bool

: after the : put the output type, you may also have to put in relevant variables within the brackets.