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Computer science OCR a-level > 1.2.3 Software Development > Flashcards

1.2.3 Software Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Software development lifecycle (SDLC)?

A

A number of distinct phases programmers work through to develop a solution to a problem

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2
Q

What is feasibility?

A

-Whether or not the project can be done
-five factors must be considered (economic, time, technical, political, legal)

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3
Q

What is a requirement?

A

-A requirement is a specific feature of the new system and is recorded in a document called requirements specification

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4
Q

What are requirements broken down into?

A

Interface – how the user interacts with it.
Functional – what will the system do
Performance – how well/fast will the system respond

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5
Q

What is the analysis and design section?

A

-the process of taking the requirements of a new system and deciding what the system will look like, how will it store data and how it will process data
-Design can only go ahead once the requirements specification has been completed

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6
Q

Name the software development methodologies (5)

A

-waterfall
-RAD (rapid application development)
-spiral
-agile
-extreme programming

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7
Q

What is the waterfall lifecycle?

A

-Each phase has a well-defined start and end point with identifiable deliverables
-evolution of the waterfall model allows you to move backwards or forwards to a different stage as developers often have to rework earlier stages in light of knowledge gained as development progresses

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8
Q

What is the spiral model?

A

-risk-driven
-more of a guide for development teams, decisions on the software development methodology are made based on the risks identified
-it is wholly dependant on the project and its unique risks (not fixed)

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9
Q

What is RAD?

A

-that involves producing successive prototypes of the software until a final version is produced and approved
-increasingly refined prototypes are made with reduced functionality
-These are designed, coded, tested and evaluated with the end user

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10
Q

What is agile?

A

-The product is built in a series of iterations known as sprints
-sprints are short, time-boxed periods when a team has focused goals to complete a set amount of work
-Each sprint should ideally be a bite-sized piece of focused work, taking no longer than one to four weeks

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11
Q

What is extreme programming?

A

-not so much a software methodology as it is a framework
-considered an agile framework as it encourages regular, small, iterative software releases ​
-aims to produce very high-quality code and promote developers’ quality of life by encouraging them to adopt a set of common practices that focus on the values of:​
-Simplicity​
-Communication​
-Feedback​
-Courage​
-Respect​

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12
Q

What are the strict stages of the SDLC (9)

A

-Identify the problem​
-Assess the feasibility: technical, economic, legal, operational, time​
-Analyse the system​
-Design a solution​
-Code (implementation)​
-Testing​
-Go live: direct changeover, phased, parallel or pilot​
-Evaluation​
-Maintenance: adaptive and corrective​

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13
Q

What are the five core practices that are considered to boost the overall quality of completed solutions for a project:​

A

-Collective code ownership​
-Continuous integration​
-Code standards​
-Refactoring​
-Paired programming​

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14
Q

Advantages of waterfall:

A
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15
Q

Disadvantages of waterfall:

A
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16
Q

Advantages of RAD:

A
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17
Q

Disadvantages of RAD:

A
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18
Q

Advantages of spiral:

A
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19
Q

Disadvantages of spiral:

A
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20
Q

Advantages of agile and extreme programming:

A
21
Q

Disadvantages of agile and extreme programming:

A
22
Q

HTML definition:

A

-Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages
-HTML elements consist of start and end tags with content in between

23
Q

Basic HTML tags:

A

<html> </html>

= document begins and ends with

<body> </body>

= the main test begins

<h1> </h1>

= this is a heading

<p> </p>

= defines a paragraph

<head> </head>

= a container for metadata (data about data) that is place between the <html> and <body> tags

24
Q

What is an algorithm?

A

-A sequence of steps designed to perform a task

25
Q

What is pseudocode?

A

-an alternative, text-based method of representing the sequence of steps in an algorithm
-Pseudocode can be thought of as simplified programming code

26
Q

What is this flowchart symbol?

A
27
Q

What is this flowchart symbol?

A

Process

28
Q

What is this flowchart symbol?

A

Decision

29
Q

What is this flowchart symbol?

A

Input/Output

30
Q

What is this flowchart symbol?

A

Subroutine

31
Q

How do you use the HTML image tag?

A

<img></img>​
<img embeds the image
Src: specifies the file path of the image.​
Alt: specifies alternate text for the image in the event it cannot be displayed for some reason.​

32
Q

How do you link one page to another in HTMl?

A

<a> tag defines a hyperlink
href indicates the link’s destination
<a>TEXT</a>​</a>

33
Q

What is CSS?

A

-Stands for Cascading Style Sheets
-Describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screens, paper and other media
-CSS code can be directly inside an HTML file if it is defined inside a <style> tag, but will only affect the style of that page
-Using a separate style sheet, using the <link></link> tag, you can change the look of the entire site by amending one file</style>

34
Q

Properties to know when using CSS:

A

-Background-color​
-Border-color​
-Border-style​
-Border-width​
-Color (named and hex colours)​
-Font-family​
-Font-size​
-Height​
-width​

35
Q

What is JavaScript?

A

-the programming language for the web, and it can be used to modify both HTML and CSS
-you can calculate, manipulate and validate data

36
Q

What two JavaScript tags do you need to know?

A

<form> and 

<script>
are used to create HTML forms for user input
</script>
</form>
37
Q

<form> :
</form>

A

The <form> element can contain one or more of the following:​

<input></input>​

<textarea>​
<button>​
<select>​
<option>​
<optgroup>​
<fieldset>​
<label>​
<output>​
</output></label></fieldset></optgroup></option></select></button></textarea>

38
Q 
<script>
:
</script>
A

The actual JavaScript code is enclosed in a set of HTML 

 tags
39
Q

JavaScript equivalents for the spec structures:

A

-Command lines are terminated with a semicolon.​
-Curly brackets are used to define sections of code.​
-Functions are defined.​
-Variables are defined.​
-For loops work.​
-An array of inputs can be referred to.​
-Variables are assigned values.​
-An if condition can be used for selection.​
-The output is returned to the page.​

40
Q

What are the different test strategies?

A

-Black-box testing​
-White-box testing​
-Alpha testing​
-Beta testing​

41
Q

What is black box testing?

A

-Not concerned with how the program works, black-box testing simply checks whether an input produces the expected output
-code efficiency is not important
-this is often not feasible

42
Q

What is white box testing?

A

-Involves testing the algorithms in the code and making sure all parts of those algorithms function as intended
-On each test run, the path of execution is noted so it can be compared with other runs
-also checks the overall efficiency of the code

43
Q

When is alpha and beta testing carried out?

A

-when software is nearly ready for release and can be tested as a complete solution

44
Q

What is alpha testing?

A

-Alpha testing typically occurs first and is limited internal employees and their friends and families
-often a very early version of the finished software, quite rough around the edges and may still contain a number of bugs

45
Q

What is beta testing?

A

-Beta testing is usually opened up to a much wider community through a public beta program
-The program is in an almost-finished state
-The developers are looking to test areas like load balancing and multiple hardware compatibility

46
Q

Suitable test data:

A

-no data: nothing has been entered
-erroneous: data that should be rejected
-invalid: data that should be rejected
normal: correct data type that should be accepted
boundary:correct data type that is on either edge of the accepted validation limits

47
Q

What is a trace table?

A

-involves examining a printed extract of program code and running through the program
-Take each line at a time and write out the current state of each variable in a trace table, noting any output the program produces
-Each variable in the program should have its own column in the table
-A new row should be added if the state of a variable changes

48
Q

Why is user feedback important?

A

-Keeps a project focused​
-Makes sure you develop the actual system they need
-Provides opportunities for discussion​
-Makes the user feel part of the finished solution​

Computer science OCR a-level (6 decks)

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