1.2.3 Introduction to Programming

Question 1

What is the pseudocode for a WHILE loop?

Answer 1

while condition
code to execute
endwhile

———–EXAMPLE————–

while answer!=”computer”
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
endwhile

Question 2

What is the pseudocode for a DO WHILE/UNTIL loop?

Answer 2

do
code to execute
until condition

———–EXAMPLE————–

do
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
until answer==”computer”

Question 3

What is the pseudocode for a for loop?

Answer 3

for i=x to y
code to execute
next i

———–EXAMPLE————–

for i=0 to 7
print(“Hello”)
next i

Question 4

State the 7 arithmetic operators

Answer 4

Add (+)
Subtract (-)
Multiply (*)
Divide (/)
MOD (Remainder)
DIV (Whole part of division)
^ (Power)

Question 5

State the 6 comparison operators

Answer 5

Equal to (==)
Not equal to (!=)
Less than (<)
Less than or equal to (<=)
Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (>=)

Question 6

What is the pseudocode to output?

Answer 6

print(“hello world”)

Question 7

What is the pseudocode to take an input?

Answer 7

VariableName=input(“Please enter your name”)

Question 8

What is the pseudocode for a substring?

Answer 8

stringname.subString(startingPosition, numberOfCharactersToReturn)

Question 9

What is the pseudocode for an IF statement?

Answer 9

if condition then
code to execute
elseif condition then
code to execute
else
code to execute
endif

———–EXAMPLE————–

if entry==”a” then
print(“You selected A”)
elseif entry==”b” then
print(“You selected B”)
else
print(“Unrecognised selection”)
endif

Question 10

What is the pseudocode for a CASE/SWITCH statement?

Answer 10

switch entry:
case “A”: print(“You selected A”)
case “B”: print(“You selected B”)
default: print(“Unrecognised selection”)
endswitch

Question 11

What is the pseudocode for a function?

Answer 11

function triple(number)
return number*3
endfunction

Question 12

What is the pseudocode for a procedure?

Answer 12

procedure greeting(name)
print(“hello”+name)
endprocedure

Question 13

What is the pseudocode for reading the contents of a file?

Answer 13

myFile = openRead(“sample.txt”)

while NOT myFile.endOfFile()
print(myFile.readLine())
endwhile

myFile.close()

Question 14

What is the pseudocode for writing to a file?

Answer 14

myFile = openWrite(“sample.txt”)

myFile.writeLine(“Hello World”)

myFile.close()

Question 15

What is the pseudocode to declare, populate, and print a two-item 1D array?

Answer 15

array names[2]

names[0]=”Ahmad”
names[1]=”Ben”

print(names[1])

Question 16

What is the pseudocode to declare a 2D array and modify the first element?

Answer 16

Array board[8,8]

board[0,0]=”rook”

Question 17

What is the pseudocode to declare a 3D array and modify the first element?

Answer 17

Array board[8,8,8]

board[0,0,0]=”rook”

Question 18

List the 11 mnemonics used in LMC

Answer 18

ADD
SUB

STA
LDA

BRA
BRP
BRZ

INP

OUT

HLT

DAT

Question 19

Write the LMC code to take two inputs and output the biggest of them.

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the pseudocode to output the length of a string?

Answer 20

stringname.length

Question 21

What is the pseudocode for the substring command?

Answer 21

stringname.subString(startingPosition, numberToReturn)

Question 22

What is the pseudocode to get a set number of characters from the left or right hand side of a string?

Answer 22

stringname.left(numberOfCharacters)

stringname.right(numberOfCharacters)

Question 23

What is the pseudocode to convert a string to and from upper case?

Answer 23

stringname.upper

stringname.lower

Question 24

How do you convert a character to its ASCII value?

Answer 24

ASC(‘A’)

Returns 65 as the ASCII value

Question 25

How do you convert a character from its ASCII value?

Answer 25

CHR(65)

Returns ‘A’

Question 26

Explain the following piece of LMC code

Answer 26

Subtracts num2 from num1 and outputs the answer