1.2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what a software development methodology is

A

A process or series of processes used in software development.

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2
Q

Describe the waterfall lifecycle methodology

A

Series of stages - Followed in order - Can go back up the order - Then needs to follow back down in order.

Progress to the next step is not made until the previous step is completed.

Uses formal documented stages

Focuses on the end user at the start

Each stage in the life cycle feeds information to the next stage

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3
Q

In what scenario would it be beneficial to use the waterfall methodology?

A

When the requirements are clear and unlikely to change

Very reliant on getting the definition of requirements correct at the start; changes are harder to add in at a later stage. However, this forces the definition to be well-understood.

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4
Q

Describe extreme programming

A

An iterative process designed to allow development to respond to changing user requirements.

Involves paired programming

The end user integral throughout XP

The focus is on good-quality code

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5
Q

Describe rapid application development

A

Use of prototypes

No formal analysis, or design stages so requirements do not need to be stated at the start (more flexible)

Feedback used to influence future stages

Reduced development time due to each subtask being given strict time limits.

The prototype is tested and feedback is obtained from users

The results of feedback and testing are used to inform the next prototype.

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6
Q

Describe the spiral model

A

Mostly used for large-scale projects, where risk is a factor.

Has more focus on risk management; projects may be modified or even dropped if the risk is too great.

Has four quadrants (determine objectives, identify and manage risk, develop and test, and plan the next iteration).

Relies on frequent client feedback to inform future development of prototypes.

Produces functional prototypes.

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7
Q

Describe the main differences between agile and waterfall

A

Waterfall needs fixed requirements as it is hard to change - Agile does not

Waterfall used formal stages that are followed in order - Agile does not

Waterfall does not involve the user in the development stages - Agile does.

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8
Q

What is the pseudocode for a WHILE loop?

A

while condition
code to execute
endwhile

———–EXAMPLE————–

while answer!=”computer”
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
endwhile

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9
Q

What is the pseudocode for a DO WHILE/UNTIL loop?

A

do
code to execute
until condition

———–EXAMPLE————–

do
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
until answer==”computer”

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10
Q

What is the pseudocode for a for loop?

A

for i=x to y
code to execute
next i

———–EXAMPLE————–

for i=0 to 7
print(“Hello”)
next i

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11
Q

State the 7 arithmetic operators

A

Add (+)
Subtract (-)
Multiply (*)
Divide (/)
MOD (Remainder)
DIV (Whole part of division)
^ (Power)

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12
Q

State the 6 comparison operators

A

Equal to (==)
Not equal to (!=)
Less than (<)
Less than or equal to (<=)
Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (>=)

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13
Q

What is the pseudocode to output?

A

print(“hello world”)

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14
Q

What is the pseudocode to take an input?

A

VariableName=input(“Please enter your name”)

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15
Q

What is the pseudocode for a substring?

A

stringname.subString(startingPosition, numberOfCharactersToReturn)

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16
Q

What is the pseudocode for an IF statement?

A

if condition then
code to execute
elseif condition then
code to execute
else
code to execute
endif

———–EXAMPLE————–

if entry==”a” then
print(“You selected A”)
elseif entry==”b” then
print(“You selected B”)
else
print(“Unrecognised selection”)
endif

17
Q

What is the pseudocode for a CASE/SWITCH statement?

A

switch entry:
case “A”: print(“You selected A”)
case “B”: print(“You selected B”)
default: print(“Unrecognised selection”)
endswitch

18
Q

What is the pseudocode for a function?

A

function triple(number)
return number*3
endfunction

19
Q

What is the pseudocode for a procedure?

A

procedure greeting(name)
print(“hello”+name)
endprocedure

20
Q

What is the pseudocode for reading the contents of a file?

A

myFile = openRead(“sample.txt”)

while NOT myFile.endOfFile()
print(myFile.readLine())
endwhile

myFile.close()

21
Q

What is the pseudocode for writing to a file?

A

myFile = openWrite(“sample.txt”)

myFile.writeLine(“Hello World”)

myFile.close()

22
Q

What is the pseudocode to declare, populate, and print a two-item 1D array?

A

array names[2]

names[0]=”Ahmad”
names[1]=”Ben”

print(names[1])

23
Q

What is the pseudocode to declare a 2D array and access the first element?

A

Array board[8,8]

board[0,0]=”rook”

24
Q

What is the pseudocode to declare a 3D array and access the first element?

A

Array board[8,8,8]

board[0,0,0]=”rook”

25
Q

What is the pseudocode to convert a string to and from upper case?

A

stringname.upper

stringname.lower

26
Q

How do you convert a character to its ASCII value?

A

ASC(‘A’)

Returns 65 as the ASCII value

27
Q

How do you convert a character from its ASCII value?

A

CHR(65)

Returns ‘A’

28
Q

What is the pseudocode to get a set number of chracters from the right hand side of a string?

A

stringname.right(numberOfCharacters)

29
Q

What is the pseudocode to get a set number of chracters from the right hand side of a string?

A

stringname.right(numberOfCharacters)

30
Q

What is the pseudocode for the substring command?

A

stringname.subString(startingPosition, numberToReturn)