1.2.2 Use of apparatus and techniques Flashcards

1
Q

heating under reflux process

A

Quick fit apparatus

  • pear/round shaped flask
  • leibig condenser (water in at bottom, out at top)
  • Bunsen burner
  • stand and clamp
  • put anti-bumping granules in the flask to prevent large bubbles forming, boils smoother
  • never put a stopper in the top of the condenser as otherwise pressure builds up , causing apparatus to explode
  • use rubber tuning to connect inlet of condenser to tap and outlet to sink
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2
Q

why do you use anti-bumping when heating a reaction mixture under reflux?

A

boils more smoothly

prevents large bubbles forming that make the glassware vibrate

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3
Q

definition of heating under reflux

A

continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to prevent volatile components from escaping

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4
Q

distillation process

A
  • flask is clamped and connected to t shaped still head adaptor, which connects to a condenser that is connected to a collecting flask (by receiver adaptor)
  • heat the flask containing the reaction mixture. the most volatile components will start to boil first, condense, and drip into the collecting flask
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5
Q

distillation definition

A

method used to separate a pure liquid from its impurities

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6
Q

how to identify the organic layer when you have a mix of organic and aqueous

A

add water and the layer that doesn’t get bigger is organic

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7
Q

how to purify and organic liquid (4 steps)

A
  • add water and the layer that doesn’t get bigger is organic (other is aq)
  • use a separating funnel to remove an organic layer from an aqueous layer
  • dry with an anhydrous salt (e.g. MgSO₄, CaCl₂)
  • redistillation
    ie. distill product again within a narrower BP
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8
Q

describe how to dry an organic liquid

A
  • add drying agent to remove traces of water eg. CaCl₂ and MgSO₄
  • place stopper on flask to prevent product from evaporating
  • leave and continue adding drying agent until solid is dispersed in the sol. as a fine powder
  • decant liquid from solid into another flask
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