12.2 Animal And Plant Diseases

Question 1

Ring rot

Answer 1

• a bacterial disease (caused by Gram positive bacterium)
• affects potatoes, tomatoes, aubergines
• no cure

Question 2

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Answer 2

• a virus affects tobacco plants and other species (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers)
• resistant crop strains available but theres no cure
• it damages leaves, flowers, fruit, stunts growth, reducing yields

Question 3

Potato blight

Answer 3

• cause by the fungus - like protoctist
• penetrates host cells, destroys leaves, tubers and fruit
• no cure but there are resistant strains

Question 4

Black Sigatoka

Answer 4

• a banana disease caused by a fungus
• attacks and destroys leaves turning leaves black
• resistant strains available and fungicide treatment can control spread of the disease but no cure

Question 5

Tuberculosis

Answer 5

• bacterial disease of humans, cows, pigs, badgers, and deer
• damages and destroys lung tissue and suppresses the immune system
• people affected by HIV/AIDS are much more likely to develop TB infections
• TB is curable by antibiotics and preventable by improving living standard conditions and vaccinations

Question 6

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 6

• bacterial infection of the meninges of the brain (protective membranes on the surface of the brain) which can spread into the rest of the body causing blood poisoning and rapid death
• antibiotics will cure the disease if delivered early
• vaccines can protect against some forms of bacterial meningitis
• mainly affects people 15-19 and children

Question 7

HIV/ AIDS

Answer 7

• targets T helper cells in the immune system Which gradually destroys immune system, making it easier to contract other infections such as pneumonia and TB
• virus is passed from one person to another in bodily fluids (through unprotected sex, shared needles)

Question 8

Influenza

Answer 8

• viral infection of the ciliated epithelial cells in the gas exchange system, leaving the airways open to secondary infection
• no cure
• flu vaccine

Question 9

Malaria

Answer 9

• caused by protoctista, plasmodium
• it invades the red blood cells, liver , brain
• spread by bites of infected mosquitos (a vector)
• no vaccine and limited cures
• mosquitos can be destroyed by insectides

Question 10

Ring worm

Answer 10

— fungal disease affecting mammals like cattle, dogs, cats and humans

• cause Frey-white, crusty infectious, areas of the skin
• may be itchy but is not damaging
• anti fungal creams are effective

Question 11

Athletes foot

Answer 11

• a human fungal disease
• a form of human ring worm that grows on and digests the warm, moist skin between toes
  Causes crackling and scaling which is itchy and sore
• anti fungal creams are effective