12.11 - The Bronsted-Lowry Theory Flashcards
How does the theory define an acid?
As a substance that can donate a proton
How does the theory define a base?
As a substance that can accept a proton
What must the hydrogen in a substance do for the substance to be considered an acid?
Carry a slight positive charge
What is an example of when this would happen?
When the hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or fluorine
What must the base contain, in order to accept a proton?
A lone pair of electrons
Why?
Because a dative bond needs to form with the proton
Where are atoms with lone pairs of electrons found on the periodic table?
On the right
What is the main example of an atom with a lone pair of electrons?
Oxygen
What is the chemical equation for hydrogen chloride dissolving in water?
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
In the forward reaction, what is acting as the acid?
HCl
Why?
Because it donates a proton to H2O (its own charge decreases, it loses a hydrogen)
In the forward reaction, what is acting as the base?
H2O
Why?
Because it is accepting the proton from HCl
In the backward reaction, what is true?
The acid and base are swapped - H3O+ is an acid, Cl- is a base
What are the pairings of HCl and Cl-, and H3O+ and H20 known as?
Conjugate acid-base pairs
How many protons can HCl donate?
One
What type of acid does this mean HCl is?
A monobasic acid
How many protons can sulfuric acid donate?
Two
What type of acid does this mean H2SO4 is?
Diprotic/Dibasic acid
What is an amphoteric substance?
One that can act as both an acid and a base
What is a strong acid?
One that fully dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution
What is a weak acid?
One that partially dissociates in aqueous solution
What percentage of dissociation do weak acids exhibit?
Typically less than 10%
What types of reaction are the dissociation of strong and weak acids respectively?
Strong: Irreversible, complete
Weak: Reversible
