12.1 Communicable Diseases

Question 2

Term for what communicable diseases need to be to be successful?

Answer 2

Transmisible

Question 3

What does understanding how diseases are transmitted enable us to do?

Answer 3

Work out ways to reduce or prevent it happening

Question 4

What are the two main types of transmission and examples?

Answer 4

Direct
- direct contact (skin to skin, kissing, contact with bodily fluids, STDs, microorganisms from faeces transmitted on the hand, diarrhoeal diseases)
- Innoculation (break in skin, animal bite, sharing needles)
- Ingestion (taking in contaminated food or drink, mouth to hand)
Indirect
- Fomites (inanimate such as bedding socks, cosmetics)
- Droplet inhalation
- Vectors (mosquitos, fleas, foxes, bats)

Question 5

Animal to human disease

Answer 5

Bird flu H1N1 strain minimisenclose contact wash fangs foot and mouth disease
Correct disposal of waste

Question 6

Factors affecting transmission of communicable diseases in animals

Answer 6

• overcrowding (living/ working conditions)
• poor nutrition
• a compromised immune system in human HIV / AIDS or needing immunosuppressant drugs
• poor waste disposal breeding sites for vectors
• Climate (change new vectors / diseases increased temps / malaria survive if wider are mos)
• culture and infrastructure traditional medical practices increase transmission eg FGM
• socioeconomic eg lack of trained health worker and public warning for outbreaks

Question 7

Types of transmission of communicable diseases in plants

Answer 7

Plant communities, pollen and seed move widely, less well developed immune system than humans
Direct examples - ring rot, TMV, tomato and potato blight, black Sigatoka
Indirect examples - soil contamination, spores rr bs

Question 8

Examples of vectors

Answer 8

Wind
Water
Animals
Humans

Question 9

Factors affecting transmission of communicable diseases in animals

Answer 9

• planting varieties of crops susceptible to disease
• over - crowding increase likelihood of contact
• poor mineros nutrition reduces resistance of plants
• damp warm condition increase survival and sores of oathogend and spores
• climate change increased rainfall and wind. Promote spread of diesels animal bectors drier conditions may also

Question 10

Prevring spread of com d in plants

Answer 10

• plenty off room between plants to minimise the spread of pathogens
• clear field as thoroughly as possisble - remove all traces of plants form the soil at harvesting
• Rotate crops - spots will ventila ly die without host plant
• strict hygiene practices wash hand boots, sterilise storage sacks, wash down machinery etc.
• control insect vector
  Need susceptible host, pathogen and favourable environment