12.1

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

RNA synthesis
DNA to RNA

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

Protein synthesis
RNA to protein

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a discrete nucleotide sequence on a chromosome that codes for an RNA or protein

Question 4

types of RNA

Answer 4

Messenger RNA- (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA-(rRNA)
Transfer RNA- (tRNA)
Small-nuclear RNA-(snRNA)
Micro-RNA-(miRNA)

Question 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 5

codes for proteins

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 6

components of ribosome, catalyze protein synthesis

Question 7

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 7

adaptors between mRNA and animo acids

Question 8

Small-nuclear(snRNA)

Answer 8

pre-mRNA splicing

Question 9

Micro-RNA (miRNA)

Answer 9

regulates of gene expression

Question 10

RNA polymerase

Answer 10

-enzyme of synthesis-catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation
-makes a single stranded RNA copy of template DNA strand
-Synthesizes in 5’ to 3’ direction
-Does not require primer
must be positioned on promoter sequence upstream of gene to be transcribed
-synthesis begins at transcription start site (+1)

Question 11

initiation of transcription

Answer 11

1. a subunit recognizes promoter
2. DNA unwound ahead of start site
3. A subunit released at 10 subunits