1.2 Water Cycle Flashcards
how many litres of water does the hydrosphere contain?
1.4 sextillion
how much water is freshwater
less than 3%
locations of the freshwater on earth
69% is frozen in the cryosphere
30% is groundwater
0.3% liquid freshwater in lakes and rivers
0.04% water vapour in the atmosphere
different states of water
solid
liquid
gas
solid to liquid
liquid to solid
melting
freezing
liquid to gas
gas to liquid
evaporation
condensation
gas to solid
solid to gas
deposition
sublimation
processes where energy is gained
melting
evaporation
sublimation
processes where energy is lost
freezing
condensation
deposition
Definition global hydrological cycle
water is continuously cycled between different stores
is the global hydrological cycle an open or closed system
closed no inputs or outputs of water
the amount of water present in each store varies over a range of scales from …. to ….
local to global
the magnitude of each store depends on the …. of water … … them
amount
flowing between
different flows occur at a range of … and … scales
spacial
temporal
4 ways the magnitude of stores varies over time and in space
evaporation
condensation
cloud formation and precipitation
cryospheric processes
magnitude of stores- evapouration
when liquid changes state to a gas, becoming water vapour. it gains energy from solar radiation,
evaporation increases the amount of water stores in the atmosphere.
magnitude of the evaporation flows varies by location and season
high- solar radiation, water, warm dry air
low- no solar radiation, little water, cool air that is already nearly saturated.
magnitude of stores - condensation
water vapour changes state to become a liquid, loses energy to the surroundings, water vapour cools to its dew point.
decreases the amount of water stored in the atmosphere, when it condenses it forms dew on surfaces
magnitude of flows depends on the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere and the temperature, lots of water vapour rapid drop in temperature high condensation
