1.2 ultraistructure

Question 1

similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

-ribosomes
-dna
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-essential functions of life

Question 2

what are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

-bacteria and archaea
-found in very inhospitable places
-have simplest system that allows all processes of life
-simple unicellular organisms –NO internal compartmentalization, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles ; all metabolic processes thus occur within the cytoplasm

Question 3

function of cell wall in prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic (not in animal cell)

Answer 3

encloses the cell, protecting it and helping to maintain its shape ; prevent shte cell from bursting in hypotonic (diluted) media

Question 4

function of plasma membrane in prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

surroudns the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out ofthe cell

Question 5

cytoplasm in prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

medium that fills the cell and is hte site of all metabolic reactions

Question 6

pilli in prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

protein filaments on the cell wall that help in cell adhesion and in transferring of DNA between two cells

Question 7

flagella in prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

much longer than pilli, responsible for the locomotion of the organism. their whip-like motion propels the cell along

Question 8

70S ribosomes in prokaryotic cell and 80S ribosomes in eukaryotic cell

Answer 8

sites of protein synthesis

Question 9

nucleoid region (includes naked DNA ((not associated with histones))) in prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

controls all of the actvities of the cell, and the reproduction of the organism

Question 10

plasmids in prokaryotic cell

Answer 10

small circles of DNA that carry a few genes that often ; give the ell antibiotic resistance and used in creating genetically modified bacteria

Question 11

what are eukaryotes?

Answer 11

-four kingdoms (protista, fungi, plantae and animalia)
- has membrane bound organelles
-has nucelus
-has compartmentalisation (formation of compartments withint the cell by emmbrane bound organlels)

Question 12

cytopaslm in eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

fills tehe cell and holds all organells, also contains enzymes that catalzye various reactions

Question 13

mitochondria in eukaryotic cell

Answer 13

site of cellular respiration in which ATP is generated

Question 14

nucelolus

Answer 14

part of nucelus which is involved in the production of ribosomes

Question 15

smooth er in eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

`producing and storing lipids

Question 16

rough er in eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

transports the protein produced by ribosomes on its surface to the gogli apparatus. (those proteins are usually for use outside the cell)

Question 17

golgi appaparatus in eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

processes and packages proteins which are ultimately releasesd in golgi vesicles

Question 18

vesicles in eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

a small SAC tat trnasports and releases substance sproduced by the cell by fusing with the cell membrane

Question 19

lysosome (not in plant) in eukaryotic cell

Answer 19

contain hydrolytic enzymes and imp in destruction of microbes engulfed by white blood cells, also in destruction of old cellular organelles

Question 20

centrioles (not in plant) in eukaryotic cell

Answer 20

imp in process of nucelur division by helping to establish hte microtubuels

Question 21

vacuole in eukaryotic cell

Answer 21

helps in teh osmotic balance of the cell and in the storage of substances. may also have hydrolytic functions (like lysosome)

Question 22

chloroplast (not in animal) in eukaryotic cell

Answer 22

double membrane bound organelles. contain pigments(mainly chlorophyll) and are responsible for photosyntehsis

Question 23

Microscope resolution

Answer 23

the shortest distance between two separate points in a microscope’s field of view that can still be distinguished as distinct objects.

Question 24

A resolution of 0.1 nm is higher than a resolution of 200 nm?

Answer 24

The higher the value, the lower the resolution.