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3A Cellular Physiology > 1.2 Tissues > Flashcards

1.2 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

Nervous
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective

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2
Q

What is connective tissue composed of

A

Made from cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is made of ground substance and protein fibres.

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3
Q

How can connective tissue vary in terms of packing

A

It can be loosely packed (not many cells and lots of ECM) or tightly packed (lots of cells and not much ECM)

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of protein fibre in the ECM of connective tissue

A

-collagen
-reticular
-elastic

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5
Q

What are the properties of collagen fibres in ECM

A

-have variable thickness
-usually runs parallel
-makes dense connective tissue

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6
Q

What are the properties of reticular fibres in ECM

A

-are a type of collagen with dark fibrils
-has a loose network that allows for molecular movement

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6
Q

What are the properties of elastic fibres in ECM

A

-gives recoil
-layout varies
-is in distensible/contractile organs like lungs

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7
Q

Give 4 functions of connective tissue

A

-structural support
-medium for exchange
-storage
-defence and repair

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8
Q

Give an example of CT used for structural support

A

bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons (all dense regular collagenous)

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9
Q

Give an example of CT used for a medium of exchange

A

blood or the CT underlying the epithelium

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10
Q

Give an example of CT used for storage

A

adipose (storing vitamins and fats) or bone (storing calcium and phosphate)

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11
Q

Give an example of CT used for defence and repair

A

blood (WBCs) or blast cells

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12
Q

What is the difference between fixed and transient connective tissue

A

Fixed connective tissue stays in place but transient moves areas of the body in response to stimuli

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13
Q

Give some examples of fixed connective tissue

A

cartilage, tendons, bones, mast cells, pericytes, adipocytes

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14
Q

Give some examples of transient connective tissue

A

leukocytes, monocytes, phagocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes

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15
Q

Give the properties of epithelial tissue

A

-avascular
-highly cellular sheet that covers surfaces
-one nucleus
-come from all 3 germ layers
-have a free apical surface and a basal surface, bot of which are different which makes the cells polar
-cells are bound to each other by junctions
-cells are regenerative

16
Q

Give 4 functions of epithelial tissue

A

-protection
-secretion
-absorption
-sensory detection

17
Q

Give an example of epithelial tissue used for protection

A

highly layered stratified squamous (often keratinzed) in skin and oesophagus

18
Q

Give an example of epithelial tissue used for secretion

A

stratified cuboidal for sweat and salivary glands

19
Q

Give an example of epithelial tissue used for absorption

A

in the intestine, simple columnar epithelial has microvilli to increase surface area

20
Q

Give an example of epithelial tissue used for sensory detection

A

olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity is pseudostratified columnar

21
Q

What is nervous tissue composed of

A

Neurons (which are the functional unit) and glial cells

22
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

smooth, cardiac and skeletal

23
Q

Give some general properties of muscle tissue

A

-heavy and darker due to high protein content
-excitable, contractile, elastic and extensible

24
Q

Which of the 4 tissue types are excitable

A

Nervous and Muscle

25
Q

What stimuli can excite nervous and muscle tissue

A

neurotransmitters, hormones ,drugs, mechanical stimuli and external electrical impulses

26
Q

Describe the fixation stage in light microscopy

A

A neutral buffer is used to inactivate some enzymes so to prevent decay and keep the tissue life like

27
Q

Describe the dehydration and clearing stage in light microscopy

A

Removing water from the sample so it is easier to handle

28
Q

Describe the embedding stage in light microscopy

A

When liquid paraffin is injected into the sample then left to dry out, this hardens the sample

29
Q

Describe the sectioning stage of light microscopy

A

The sample is thinly sliced (15-50 micron length) and mounted on the slide

30
Q

What is hematoxylin and eosin staining

A

Hematoxylin stains the nucleus purple and eosin stains the cytoplasm pink/red

31
Q

What is silver staining

A

Targets proteins and nucleotides, turning them brown/orange

32
Q

What is masson trichome staining

A

A series of 3 stains that turns collagen blue/green, muscle fibres red and nuclei black

33
Q

What is periodic acid schiff staining

A

Stains polysaccharides red and purple

34
Q

What is wright and giemsa staining

A

Used on blood smears, stains RBCs pink/red, WBC nuclei purple and platelets light blue

35
Q

What is alcian blue staining

A

Stains acidic mucopolysaccharides (commonly found in in goblet cells, mucins, connective tissue tumours and cartilage) blue

3A Cellular Physiology (4 decks)

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