1.1 Fundamentals of Physiology

Question 1

Define physiology

Answer 1

branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts

Question 2

What proportion of fluid in the body are intracellular vs extracellular

Answer 2

2/3 is intracellular
1/3 is extracellular

Question 3

Extracellular fluid can be one of 2 things

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid (80%) which bathes the cells

Plasma (20%)

Question 4

Give examples of things found in body fluids

Answer 4

water, ions (e.g Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Pi), proteins, glucose, AAs, o2 & co2

Question 5

Which ions have greater extracellular concentrations than intracellular concentrations

Answer 5

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+

Question 6

Which ions have greater intracellular concentrations than extracellular

Answer 6

K+

Question 7

Describe the difference between primary and secondary active transport

Answer 7

primary active transport directly moves the substance but in secondary, something else uses up the energy (e.g generates a concentration gradient) so that the intended substance can then bind to an additional substance and that additional substance can be transported across the membrane

Question 8

How do larger molecules move in and out of cells

Answer 8

Endo/exocytosis

Question 9

Describe the difference between a symporter and antiporter

Answer 9

a symporter transports the desired substance in the same direction as the other molecule but in an antiporter takes it in the opposite direction

Question 10

Why should cellular movement not necessarily be modelled based on symmetrical cells

Answer 10

As many cells are asymmetrical and will have different extracellular environments on each side (e.g epithelial cells with apical and basolateral surfaces)