1.2 Theoretical Perspectives in Lifespan Development Part 4

Question 1

What two responses to an environment did Pavlov discover?

Answer 1

1. unconditioned/unlearned responses or reflexes
2. conditioned/learned responses

Question 2

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 2

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in an organism

Question 3

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 3

natural or unlearned reaction to a given stimulus

Question 4

What is an important application of classical conditioning?

Answer 4

food aversion

Question 5

Who developed operant conditioning?

Answer 5

B. F. Skinner

Question 6

What is the main thing Skinner showed with operant conditioning?

Answer 6

behavior can be shaped by the environment through reward and punishment

Question 7

What does the term operant refer to?

Answer 7

organism operating on the environment

Question 8

Who is important in social learning?

Answer 8

Albert Bandura

Question 9

Why is Albert Bandura a social cognitive theorist/researcher?

Answer 9

he connected behaviorism with cognition and environment

Question 10

What is social learning?

Answer 10

emphasizes that people learn by observing others