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ANATOMY - Endocrine > 1.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland > Flashcards

1.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Thyroid Gland located?

A

In the Neck:

  1. Anterior to the Trachea
  2. Inferior to the Larynx
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2
Q

Between which Vertebral Levels can the Thyroid Cland be found?

A

C5 to T1

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3
Q

Where can the Thyroid Gland be found between?

A
  1. The Cricoid Cartilage

2. The 6th Tracheal Ring

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4
Q

What are the Parts of the Thyroid Gland?

A
  1. The Left Lobe
  2. The Right Lobe
  3. The Isthmus
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5
Q

What does the Isthmus do?

A

Connects the Left and Right Lobe of the Thyroid

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6
Q

Which Tracheal Ring does the Isthmus lie opposite to?

A

The 2nd to the 3rd Tracheal Rings

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7
Q

What are the 3 Strap Muscles which overlie the Thyroid?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Omohyoid
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8
Q

What are the 2 Nerves which supply the Muscles of the Vocal Cord?

A
  1. The Superior Laryngeal Nerve

2. The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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9
Q

Where does the Superior Laryngeal Nerve run?

A

From an inferior Ganglion of the Vagus Nerve, Lateral to the Thyroid and then enters into the Thyroid by the Cricoid Cartilage

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10
Q

Where does the Recurrent Larngeal Nerve run?

A

From inferior to the Thyroid (around the level of the Heart), up to the Thyroid between the Trachea and the Oesophagus

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11
Q

What Arteries supply the Thyroid?

A
  1. The Superior Thyroid Artery

2. The Inferior Thyroid Artery

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12
Q

Where does the Superior Thyroid Artery arise from?

A

The External Carotid Artery

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13
Q

Where does the Inferior Thyroid Artery arise from?

A

The Thyrocervical Trunk (A Branch of the Subclavian Artery)

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14
Q

What Veins drain the Thyroid?

A
  1. The Superior Thyroid Vein
  2. The Middle Thyroid Vein
  3. The Inferior Thyroid Vein
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15
Q

Into which vein does the Superior Thyroid Vein drain?

A

The Internal Jugular Vein

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16
Q

Into which vein does the Middle Thyroid Vein drain?

A

The Internal Jugular Vein

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17
Q

Into which vein does the Inferior Thyroid Vein drain?

A

The Left Braciocephalic Vein

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18
Q

Where does the Lymph from the Thyroid Gland drain to?

A

The Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

19
Q

Where are the Hormones of the Thyroid Gland stored?

A

In Cavities surrounded by Secretory Cells

20
Q

What is the name of the Cavity and Secretory Cells?

A

The Follicle

21
Q

What happens within the Cavity of the Follicle?

A

The Hormone created is bound to a Glycoprotein

22
Q

What is the new name for the Hormone bound to the Glycoprotein?

A

The Colloid

23
Q

What happens during secretion of the Hormone?

A

IT is re-absorbed from the Cavity and released into the surrounding Interstitial Space

24
Q

What separated the Follicles?

A

Fibrous Septae

25
Q

What type of Cells line the Follicle?

A

Follicular Cells

26
Q

What is the Cell Type of Follicular Cells?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

27
Q

What colour does the Colloid stain?

A

Pink

28
Q

What secretes Calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular (C) Cells

29
Q

What is the action of Calcitonin?

A

Calcitonin reduces Serum Calcium Levels

30
Q

How does Calcitonin reduce Serum Calcium Levels?

A
  1. Inhibiting the Activity of Osteoclasts

2. Decrease Calcium re-absorption at the Kidneys

31
Q

What Hormones does the Thyroid Gland secrete?

A

T3 - Triiodothyronine

T4 - Thyroxine

32
Q

Where do the Parathyroid Hormones lie?

A

The Medial part of the Posterior Surface of Each Thyroid Lobe

33
Q

How is the Parathyroid Gland related to the Thyroid Gland?

A

It is External to (and separated by) the thin Thyroid Fibrous Capsule

34
Q

How many Parathyroid Hormones do most people have?

A

4

35
Q

What is the Arterial Supply to the Superior and Inferior Parathyroid Glands?

A

The Inferior Thyroid Arteries

36
Q

Which Vein drains the Parathyroid Glands?

A

The Veins draining the (Superior and Middle) Thyroid to the Internal Jugular Vein

37
Q

What are the 2 Cell Types present in the Parathyroid Gland?

A
  1. The Chief Cells

2. The Oxyphil Cells

38
Q

Are there more of fewer Chief Cells than Oxyphil Cells?

A

More

39
Q

Do the Chief Cells stain Darker or Lighter than the Oxyphil Cells?

A

Darker

40
Q

Are the Chief Cells Larger or Smaller than the Oxyphil Cells?

A

Smaller

41
Q

What is the function of the Parathyroid Chief Cells?

A

To Secrete Parathyroid Hormone

42
Q

What is the Parathyroid Hormone associated with?

A

Calcium Homeostasis

43
Q

How does the Parathyroid Hormone influence Calcium Homeostasis?

A

It increases the action of Osteoclasts (Bone Re-modelling) which increases the Plasma Calcium Levels

44
Q

What is the function of the Parathyroid Oxyphil Cells?

A

There is no known function

ANATOMY - Endocrine (4 decks)

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