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ANATOMY - Endocrine > 1.1 The Pituitary Gland and the Hypothalamus > Flashcards

1.1 The Pituitary Gland and the Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the Hollow in which the Pituitary gland is found?

A

The Sella Turcica

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2
Q

Which bone is the Sella Turcica in?

A

The Sphenoid Bone

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3
Q

How is the Pituitary related to the Optic Chiasm?

A

Directly Superior

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4
Q

What is the Clinical Significance of the close relation of the Pituitary Gland to the Optic Chiasm?

A

Enlargement of the Gland can result in the Nasal Fibers, which cross over at the Optic Chiasm, being impinged. This can lead to a Reduced Visual Field Deficit, known as Bitemporal Hemianopia

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5
Q

What connects the Pituitary Gland to the Hypothalamus?

A

The Pituitary Stalk

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6
Q

What does the Pituitary Gland consist of?

A
  1. An Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary
  2. Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary
  3. Pars Intermedialis
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7
Q

What are the names of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary?

A
  1. Pars Anterior
  2. Pars Distalis
  3. Adenohypophysis
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8
Q

What are the names of the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary?

A
  1. Pars Posterior
  2. Pars Nervosa
  3. Neurohypophysis
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9
Q

What is the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland’s part of the Pituitary Stalk called?

A

Pars Tuberalis

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10
Q

What is the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland’s part of the Pituitary Stalk called?

A

Infundibulum

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11
Q

Which of the 2 Lobes of the Pituitary Gland is Larger?

A 
Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) = 2/3
Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis) = 1/3
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12
Q

Which of the 2 Lobes of the Pituitary Gland is Glandular, and Manufactures numerous Hormones?

A

The Anterior Lobe

True Endocrine

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13
Q

Which of the 2 Lobes of the Pituitary Gland releases Hormones after having a input from the Nervous System?

A

The Posterior Lobe

Neuroendocrine

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14
Q

What is secreted from the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A

Neurohormones Produced in the Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Does the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary stain Dark or Light?

A

Dark

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16
Q

Does the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary stain Dark or Light?

A

Light

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of Cells in the Anterior Pituitary?

A
  1. Acidophilic
  2. Basophilic
  3. Chromophilic (Not looked at in great detail)
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18
Q

What colour do Acidophilic Cells stain?

A

Pink

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19
Q

What colour do Basophilic Cells stain?

20
Q

What colour do Chromophilic Cells stain?

A

Pale - due to them not taking up much stain

21
Q

What are the 2 Classes of Acidophils?

A
  1. Somatotrophs

2. Mammotrophs

22
Q

What are the 3 Classes of Basophils?

A
  1. Corticotrophs
  2. Thyrotrophs
  3. Gonadotrophs
23
Q

What is the Secretory Product of Somatotrophs (An Acidophil)?

A

Somatotrophin (aka Growth Hormone)

24
Q

What is the Secretory Product of Mammotrophs (An Acidophil)?

25
Q

What are the 2 Secretory Product of Corticotrophs (A Basophil)?

A
  1. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

2. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

26
Q

What is the Secretory Product of Thyrotrophs (A Basophil)?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

27
Q

What are the 2 Secretory Product of Gonadotrophs (A Basophil)?

A
  1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

28
Q

What are the Target Organs of the Somatotrophin (aka Growth Hormone), produced by the Somatotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A
  1. The Liver
  2. The Adipose Tissue
    Where the Protein, Lipid, and Carbohydrate Metabolism will be controlled
29
Q

What is the Target Organ of the Prolactin, produced by the Mammotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Mammary Glands, where Milk production is Stimulated

30
Q

What is the Target Organ of the ACTH, produced by the Corticotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Adrenal Cortex, which then causes Glucocorticoid Secretions (Cortisol from the Zona Fasciculata)

31
Q

What is the Target Organ of the MSH, produced by the Corticotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Melanocytes of the Skin, which then causes Pigmentation to occur

32
Q

What is the Target Organ of the TSH, produced by the Thyrotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Thyroid, where Thyroid Hormones Thyroxine (T3) and Triiodothyronine (T4) production / secretion is stimulated

33
Q

What is the Target Organ of the FSH / LH, produced by the Gonadotrophs? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Ovaries / Testes, and these control reproductive function - will be covered in the Reproduction Block

34
Q

What are the main secretory bodies of the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Neurosecretory Bodies (Herring Bodies)

35
Q

What are the 2 Hormones secreted from the Posterior Pituitary?

A
  1. Anti-Diuretic Hormon (ADH) (aka Vasopressin)

2. Oxytocin

36
Q

What is the Target Organ of the ADH, released from the Posterior Pituitary? And what are it’s actions?

A

The Kidneys, where the conservation of Body Water is stimulated

37
Q

What is the Target Organ of the Oxytocin, released from the Posterior Pituitary? And what are it’s actions?

A

To the Ovaries which will stimulate Milk Ejection, and Uterine Contractions

38
Q

What is the Arterial Blood Supply to the Pituitary Gland?

A
  1. The Superior Hypophysial Artery

2. The Inferior Hypophysial Artery

39
Q

Where do the 2 Arteries which supply the Pituitary Gland arise from?

A

They are a Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery

40
Q

Which of the 2 Arteries which supply the Pituitary Gland, enters into the Hypothalamus?

A

The Superior Hypophysial Artery

41
Q

What does the Superior Hypophysial Artery do once entered into the Hypothalamus?

A

It breaks up into capillaries

42
Q

Where do the Capillaries, formed in the Hypothalamus then travel?

A

To the Anterior Pituitary

43
Q

What is formed by:

a) The Superior Hypophysial Artery breaking up into Capillaries in the Hypothalamus
b) These Capillaries being transported directly to the Anterior Pituitary?

A

The Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Portal System

44
Q

Which Artery supplies the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A

The Inferior Hypophsial Artery

45
Q

How does the Hypothalmus communicate with the Anterior Pituitary?

A

Through the Releasing and Inhibiting of Hormones into the Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Portal System making it a True Endocrine System

46
Q

How does the Hypothalmus communicate with the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Through the Neurosecretory Cells, via the Infundibulum

47
Q

What is the Venous Drainage of the Pituitary Gland?

A

Through the Hypophsial Veins to the Cavernous Sinus

ANATOMY - Endocrine (4 decks)

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